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目的评价贵州省少数民族地区加强常规免疫服务策略的实施效果。方法采用队列研究,设计统一调查表,对剑河、台江、罗甸、长顺4个试点县,在实施加强常规免疫服务策略前后,通过询问儿童监护人并核对预防接种证和预防接种卡的方法调查儿童免疫规划疫苗基础免疫覆盖率,通过问卷调查儿童监护人预防接种知识、态度、行为(KAP)。结果2008年效果评估中,儿童建预防接种卡、证率,卡介苗(BCG)、口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(OPV)、百白破联合疫苗(DPT)、麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)、乙型肝炎疫苗(HepB)5种疫苗的基础免疫覆盖率,HepB首针(HepB1)及时接种率和卡疤率均比2006年基线调查结果有不同程度提高;儿童住院分娩比例、儿童监护人预防接种KAP知晓率较2006年也呈升高趋势。结论对基层防保人员进行反复培训,对基层工作开展经常性检查指导,加强与相关部门合作,开展有针对性的宣传活动,是少数民族地区提高常规免疫服务质量的有效策略。
Objective To evaluate the effect of strengthening routine immunization service strategy in minority areas of Guizhou Province. Methods A cohort study was designed and a questionnaire was designed. Four pilot counties, Jianhe, Taijiang, Luodian and Changshun, were investigated before and after the implementation of the strategy of strengthening routine immunization services by asking the child guardian and checking the vaccination certificates and vaccination cards Methods To investigate the basic immunization coverage of vaccines for childhood immunization and to investigate the knowledge, attitude and behavior (KAP) of vaccination against child guardians by questionnaire. Results In the evaluation of 2008 results, vaccination card, certificate rate, BCG, OPV, DPT, live attenuated measles vaccine (MV) , The basic immunocompetence of HepB vaccine, HepB1 timely vaccination rate and the rate of scar scar were all improved to some extent compared with the results of baseline survey in 2006. The proportion of hospitalized childbirth, prevention of child guardian Vaccination KAP awareness than in 2006 also showed an upward trend. Conclusion It is an effective strategy to improve the quality of routine immunization services in ethnic minority areas through repeated training of grass-roots security guards, regular inspection and guidance to grassroots work, strengthening cooperation with relevant departments and carrying out targeted publicity campaigns.