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本文是对《史学月刊》1986年第3期所载拙稿《俄国对义和团运功的政策与英俄关系》一文论点的补遗。在那篇文章里,根据对俄国整个战略方针的分析,我认为俄国对义和团运动实行的是有限干涉政策,不谋求联军领导权,不当主角,以保持“行动自由”,随时捍卫俄国根本利益。但是,这个政策是俄国政府的一般政策,特别是1900年7月4日各国的政策大体都明朗了以后的俄国政策。可是,在这之前,俄国的政策并非如此。在7月4日以前,八国联军的活动主要限于天津地区。当时,天津的军事形势和国际关系的客观现实,使俄军处于事变旋涡,成为侵略天津的元凶。主要理由是,由于旅顺与天津之间交通方便,俄国成为最先向天津出兵的帝国主义者,俄国侵略者摘取了首席干涉者的“桂冠”,是攻占大沽的急先锋,租界战役的主力,为保护帝国主义各国在天津的利益,立下汗马功劳;租界战役后又成为向天津郊县讨伐义和团,骚扰乡民的祸首。7月4日以后,联军没侵略主角定为日本侵略军,但俄国仍不失为最积极的配角,在7月13～14日八固联军侵华史上最血腥的一页——攻占天津的战役中,俄军在日军之外扮演了最卑下的角色。八国联军侵略天津的近两个月中,俄国始终是一切关键战役的组织策划者,是天京城战役以外历次重要侵略战役之主力,犯下累累罪行,对天津人民欠下的血债,罄竹难书。
This essay is an addendum to the article “The Policy of Russia to the Boxer and the Relationship between Britain and Russia” contained in the clumscript of “History Monthly”, No. 3, 1986. In that article, based on an analysis of Russia’s entire strategic principle, I think that Russia exercises a limited policy of intervention in the Boxer Rebellion and does not seek the leadership and improper role of the coalition forces in order to maintain “freedom of movement” and defend the fundamental interests of Russia at any time. However, this policy is a general policy of the Russian government. In particular, the policy of all countries on July 4, 1900, has generally been clear about Russia’s policy in the future. However, before that, the Russian policy was not. Before July 4, the activities of the Eight-Power Allied Forces were mainly confined to the Tianjin area. At that time, the military situation in Tianjin and the objective reality of international relations made the Russian military vortex and became the culprit of the invasion of Tianjin. The main reason is that due to the convenient transportation between Lushun and Tianjin, Russia became the first imperialist to send troops to Tianjin. The Russian invaders took the “crown” of the chief interventionist and the vanguard of the capture of the Taku. The battle of the concession The main force, in order to protect the interests of the imperialist countries in Tianjin, made a contribution; after the concession battle has become the suburbs of Tianjin to fight the Boxers, harassment of villagers chief culprit. After July 4, the coalition forces have not been invaded by the Japanese aggressor. However, Russia remains the most active supporting coroner. During the battle of August 8 and August 8, the entire eight-nation coalition invaded the bloodiest page of the history of China , The Russian army played the most humble role outside the Japanese army. During the past two months when the Allied Forces of the Eight Great Powers invaded Tianjin, Russia was always the organizer of all the key battles and the main force of the major campaigns of aggression beyond the days of the Battle of Tianjing City. They committed numerous crimes and died out of blood debts to the people of Tianjin.