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关于朱子四书学的形成似乎已经形成某种结论,但事实上其中重要关节仍值得重新讨论。朱子四书学的形成贯穿其毕生,大致可分为启蒙期、准备期、形成期、成熟期和完善期五个阶段,期间朱子对四书的注释刊刻既齐头并进又分合有度,或各书单刻,或《学庸章句》合刻,或《论孟集注》合刻,应特别注意的是朱子并未合刻《四书集注》。至于《四书或问》,虽编为一帙而实包含丁酉1177年《论孟或问》与晚年《学庸或问》两个不同时期、层次的著作,不可视而为一。《论孟精义》为系列著作,先后有癸未1163年《论语要义》(庚辰1160年《孟子集解》)、壬辰1172年《论孟精义》(《论孟集义》)、庚子1180年《语孟要义》三个不同版本,壬辰《精义》、《集义》仅是名称之别,但与庚子《要义》存在内容差别,不可混淆前后《要义》,亦不可视壬辰《集义》在庚子《要义》后。今流传通行本《论孟精义》似为壬辰前后之盗本。准确把握朱子四书学的形成,对朱子四书学的理解具有基础性意义。
There seems to be some kind of conclusion about the formation of Zhu Xi’s calligraphy, but in fact the important joints still deserve to be revisited. The formation of Zhu four books through its life, can be divided into five stages of enlightenment period, preparation period, formation period, maturity and perfection period. During the period, Zhu’s annotation to the four books goes hand in hand with each other, Engraved, or “Xuezong chapter sentence” co-engraved, or “On Meng Jiyu” co-engraved, should pay particular attention to is that Zhu did not co-engraved “Four Notes.” As for the “Four Books or Questions,” it is not to be seen as one of the two books written at different times and levels in 1177, which contains Ding You’s commentary on Meng or Ye and the later years. “On Meng Jingyi” is a series of works, including “Gui Chen’s 1160 Masterpiece of the Analects” (Geng Chen’s “Mencius Settlement”) in 1163, Renchen’s 1172 “On Meng Jingyi” (“On Meng Jianyi” The meanings of the “Mencius and the Mencius” are different from each other in name but different from those of the “Essential Meaning” in Boxeng, and can not be confused with the “Essential Meaning” before and after “ Set meaning ”in Geng Zi“ after ”. Today, this passage of the “On Meng Jingyi” seems to steal the book before and after the infantry. Accurately grasp the formation of Zhu four books, understanding of Zhu four books has a fundamental significance.