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为确立角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应的有效防治策略。对穿透角膜移植术后发生免疫排斥反应的８６个病例（１００只眼）进行回顾性总结。统计分析结果表明：血管化角膜、大植片移植、植床术前的活动性炎症，偏中心移植、多次移植、联合手术均应视为穿透角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应的高危因素，而移植片上皮反复脱落、旧病复发、术眼再次手术、缝线松解与拆线等可能是诱导排斥反应发生的促发因素。结论：从分子水平减少供受体间的抗原差异，研制新一代高效安全的免疫抑制剂、创造免疫耐度的理想环境可能是控制高危角膜移植免疫排斥反应的有效防治措施。
To establish an effective prevention and treatment of immunological rejection after corneal transplantation. Eighty-six cases (100 eyes) of immunological rejection after penetrating keratoplasty were retrospectively reviewed. The results of statistical analysis showed that vascularized cornea, graft, active inflammation before implantation, central transplantation, multiple transplants and combined surgery should all be regarded as high risk factors of immune rejection after corneal transplantation Repeated shedding of epithelial cells, recurrence of old disease, surgical reoperation, suture release and stitches, etc. may be induced by rejection factors. CONCLUSION: It is possible to develop an effective and safe immunosuppressive regimen to control the immune rejection of high-risk corneal allograft by developing a new generation of highly effective and safe immunosuppressants and reducing the difference of donor-recipient antigen at the molecular level.