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为了保证安全,泥石流多发区的道路常采用桥梁的方式通过。位于泥石流区的桥梁的桥墩在泥石流暴发时受到泥石流的冲击,常会造成不同程度的损毁。泥石流冲击力是泥石流区桥墩受到的主要荷载,目前在计算泥石流冲击力时一般将其视为均质体,但是泥石流为固液两相流体,因此得到的计算结果误差较大。为了提高精确度,本文对泥石流冲击力计算公式进行了修正,先分别运用动力学中的弹性碰撞理论和牛顿第二定律对泥石流固相和液相的冲击力进行计算,然后将其进行叠加,得到总的泥石流冲击力。泥石流区桥墩破坏的模式主要有冲击破坏、倾覆破坏和滑动破坏3种形式。为了减小泥石流对桥墩的破坏能,可在桥墩受到泥石流冲击的部位设置消能层,通过算例发现,设置消能层后冲击力减小了26.94%。
In order to ensure the safety, roads with frequent debris flows often adopt the way of bridges. The piers of bridges located in debris flow areas are hit by mudslides during the outbreak of mudslides, often resulting in different degrees of damage. Debris flow impact force is the main load on the pier in the debris flow area. At present, it is generally regarded as a homogeneous body when calculating the impact force of debris flow. However, the debris flow is a solid-liquid two-phase fluid, so the calculated error is larger. In order to improve the accuracy, this paper modifies the calculation formula of the impact force of debris flow. The impact force of the debris flow solid phase and the liquid phase is calculated by using the elastic collision theory in the dynamics and the Newton’s second law respectively, and then superimposed, Get the total debris flow impact. Debris flow pier pier failure modes are mainly impact damage, overturning failure and sliding failure of three forms. In order to reduce the damage energy of debris flow to bridge piers, the energy dissipation layer can be set on the pier affected by the debris flow. The calculation results show that the impact force is reduced by 26.94% after the energy dissipation layer is set.