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一、经典思想实验五十年前,沃森、克里克对 DNA 双螺旋结构的发现无疑是当代科学史上划时代的重大事件,它使遗传学的历史和生物学的历史从细胞阶段进入了分子阶段。史蒂文·琼斯曾不无感慨地说:达尔文将人类从顶端处拉了下来,DNA 将人类的面孔碾碎成生物学意义上的浆汁。达尔文进化论中许多观点的提出,所基于的就是思想实验的结果;DNA 双螺旋结构的发现同样凝聚着大量思想实验的成果。1952年,美国化学家鲍林发表了关于 DNA 三链α螺旋模型的研究报告。沃森与威尔金斯、富兰克林等讨论了鲍林的模型。沃森看了富兰克林在一年前拍下的 DNA 的 X 射线衍射照片,他立即产生了一种思想:DNA 不是三链结构而应该是双链结构。他们继续循着这个思路深入思想探
First, the classic ideological experiments 50 years ago, Watson, Crick’s discovery of DNA double helix structure is undoubtedly an epoch-making major event in the history of contemporary science, it makes the history of genetics and biological history from the cell stage into the molecule stage. Steven Jones once said with emotion that Darwin pulled humans from the top and that DNA crushes human faces into biological juices. Many of the points raised in Darwin’s theory of evolution are based on the results of ideological experiments; the discovery of double-helix DNA also condenses the results of a large number of ideological experiments. In 1952, American chemist Pauling published a study on the DNA triple-stranded alpha helix model. Watson discussed the Pauling model with Wilkins, Franklin, and others. Watson looked at X-ray diffraction pictures of DNA taken by Franklin a year ago. He immediately came up with the idea that DNA is not a triple-stranded structure but a double-stranded structure. They continue to follow this line of thought and explore