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褐家鼠Rattus norvegicus可能是云南省部分鼠疫流行区的储存宿主之一,其体表的某些寄生虫种类可能是人类疾病的传播媒介。为了解洱海周边地带褐家鼠的体表寄生虫群落,并对其医学和兽医学的重要性进行描述。用U检验和相关分析的统计方法对2003-2004年采自云南洱海(中国滇西北著名的淡水湖泊)周边地区的431头褐家鼠的体表寄生虫群落进行了研究。用构成比(C),侵染率(P)和平均丰富度(A)反映体表寄生虫的流行和密度状况。调查点位于我国11大鼠疫自然疫源地之一,此地也是我国恙虫病和流行性出血热的流行地区。结果表明:431头褐家鼠中307头寄生有体表寄生虫,侵染率为71%。采集到的体表寄生虫有47种,包括23种恙螨、16种革螨、6种蚤和2种吸虱,其中16种以前已经被证明是人类疾病的媒介。结果提示褐家鼠的体表寄生虫物种多样性高。
Rattus norvegicus may be one of the storage hosts for some plague endemic areas in Yunnan Province. Some parasites on the body surface may be the transmission media of human diseases. In order to understand the surface parasites communities of Rattus norvegicus in the area around Erhai Lake and to describe its importance in medicine and veterinary medicine. The surface parasitism community of 431 Rattus norvegicus collected from the surrounding areas of Erhai Lake in Yunnan Province (a famous freshwater lake in northwestern Yunnan, China) was studied by U-test and correlation analysis. Epidemic and density status of surface parasites is reflected by composition ratio (C), infection rate (P) and average abundance (A). The investigation point is located in one of the natural foci of 11 major plagues in our country, and here is also the endemic area of tsutsugamushi disease and epidemic hemorrhagic fever in our country. The results showed that 307 parasites of 431 Rattus norvegicus parasites had surface parasites, and the infection rate was 71%. There are 47 species of surface parasites collected, including 23 species of chigger mites, 16 species of leather mites, 6 species of fleas and 2 sucking lice, 16 of which have previously been shown to be agents of human disease. The results suggest that Rattus norvegicus has a high diversity of surface parasites.