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目的对唐山市学龄前儿童视力及其屈光状态进行调查,以期早期发现屈光异常和弱视并及时进行干预。方法抽取唐山市15所幼儿园3～6岁儿童4850名,进行视力、屈光度状态的检测,并对结果进行统计分析。结果测定4850名3～6岁儿童的远视力,视力低常者1280名,视力低常率为26.4%,其中复性远视散光占52.0%,混合性散光占17.4%,复性近视散光占11.1%。弱视儿童180名(3.7%),主要是屈光不正性弱视(64.4%)。不同年龄组儿童的视力低常率和弱视患病率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.77,P>0.05)。结论唐山市学龄前儿童屈光异常的主要类型为复性远视散光和混合性散光,弱视的主要类型为屈光不正性弱视,早期筛查有利于早期发现屈光异常和弱视并及时进行干预。
Objective To investigate the visual acuity and refractive status of pre-school children in Tangshan City in order to detect early refractive abnormalities and amblyopia and to intervene in time. Methods 4850 children from 3 to 6 years old from 15 kindergartens in Tangshan City were collected for examination of visual acuity and refraction status, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results The visual acuity of 4850 children aged 3 to 6 years was measured. The visual acuity was 1280, with a low vision loss rate of 26.4%. Hyperopic astigmatism was 52.0%, mixed astigmatism was 17.4%, and reflex myopic astigmatism was 11.1 %. 180 (3.7%) children with amblyopia, mainly amblyopia (64.4%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of low vision and amblyopia in children of different age groups (χ2 = 2.77, P> 0.05). Conclusions The main types of refractive abnormalities in preschool children in Tangshan are hyperopia astigmatism and mixed astigmatism. The main type of amblyopia is refractive amblyopia. Early screening is helpful for the early detection of refractive abnormalities and amblyopia and timely intervention.