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近年来,唾液检测以其非侵入性、快速简单、高精确度及富含生物标志物等优势被认为一种潜在的诊断工具,并被越来越多地用于儿科疾病的临床诊断、疗效评估、流行病学调查等各个方面,但其应用价值尚未被国内儿科临床医生充分认识.文章综述唾液检测在儿科呼吸、免疫、神经系统等疾病诊疗中的应用,为儿科临床疾病精准诊断和治疗提供新的研究思路.“,”Currently, saliva tests have been regarded as a potential promising diagnotic tool because of its noninvasiveness, quickness and simplicity, high accuracy, fullness of biomarkers, and other advantages. It has been applied in clinical diagnosis, treatment evaluation, epidemiological survey and other clinical works, while its potential applications have not yet been fully recognized by Chinese pediatrician. This review presents an overview on the application of salivary diagnostics in pediatrics ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology, immune system diseases, nervous-mental system diseases and other system diseases, and offers a new potential research strategy for accurate diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases.