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西方经济学家认为,从物品(包括物质产品和劳务)本身的技术和自然属性来判断,所有的物品可以分成以下三类:一是私人物品;二是公共物品;三是准公共物品。国防是由国家(或政府部门)来提供的,它具有公共物品所拥有的特征,属于公共物品。针对这些特征,如何确定国防的供求均衡量?本文就此作些探讨。 (一) 在西方经济学家看来,私人物品是指能够分割且可以独自享用的物品,即具有消费的排他性。然而,对于国防来说,就不是个人独自享用了,而是
According to Western economists, judging from the technical and natural attributes of goods (including material goods and services), all the goods can be classified into the following three categories: first, private goods; second, public goods; and third, quasi-public goods. National defense (defense) is provided by the state (or government departments), it has the characteristics of public goods owned, belonging to public goods. For these characteristics, how to determine the balance of supply and demand of national defense? This article makes some discussions. (1) In the view of Western economists, private goods refer to goods that can be divided and can be enjoyed by themselves, that is, exclusive of consumption. However, for national defense, it is not for individuals to enjoy alone, but rather