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目的:分析秦岭地区野生华中五味子的遗传多样性。方法:应用SSR分子标记进行遗传多样性分析。结果:9对SSR引物共检测到61条条带,每对引物扩增出5~11条,平均每对引物可扩增出6.8条,多态性比率为86.88%。遗传分化系数(G st)为0.3524,表明秦岭地区华中五味子遗传变异主要存在于居群内,基因流(N m)为1.1850,说明居群间存在一定基因流。通过遗传多样性参数比较,洋县居群遗传多样性最高。聚类分析可划分为2大类,第Ⅰ类包括平利县、山阳县和宁强县居群;第Ⅱ类包括太白县和洋县居群。结论:秦岭地区华中五味子遗传多样性丰富,应优先选择陕西汉中市、宝鸡市和商洛市地区华中五味子居群实行就地保护与扩繁,以保证野生华中五味子可持续发展和利用。
Objective: To analyze the genetic diversity of wild Schisandra chinensis in the Qinling Mountains. Methods: Genetic diversity was analyzed using SSR markers. Results: A total of 61 bands were detected by 9 pairs of SSR primers. Each pair of primers amplified 5 ~ 11 bands. The average number of amplified primers was 6.8 and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 86.88%. The genetic differentiation coefficient (G st) was 0.3524, which indicated that the genetic variation of Schisandra sphenanthera in Qinling was mainly in the population, and the gene flow (N m) was 1.1850, indicating that there was a certain gene flow among the populations. The genetic diversity of Yangxian population was the highest through comparison of genetic diversity parameters. The cluster analysis can be divided into two broad categories, the first category includes Pingli County, Shanyang County and Ningqiang County population; the second category includes Taibai County and Yangxian population. Conclusion: Schisandra chinensis is rich in genetic diversity in the Qinling Mountains. Schisandra chinensis population in Hanzhong City, Baoji City and Shangluo City of Shaanxi Province should be preferentially protected and extended in order to ensure the sustainable development and utilization of wild Schisandra chinensis.