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以中国新疆伊犁地区的巩留县莫合镇库尔德宁、新源县交吾托海、霍城县大西沟和塔城地区的裕民县巴尔鲁克山4个种下居群的109个新疆野苹果实生株系为材料,利用8对苹果SSR引物进行群体遗传结构的研究。结果表明:8对SSR引物在4个居群中可平均扩增出16条带,其中巩留县居群多态性带数百分比最高为89.06%,各位点平均Nei基因多样度为0.257;4个群体共扩增出128个位点,在种级水平及巩留县、新源县、霍城县和裕民县4个居群水平多态性位点百分比分别为100%、88.28%、84.38%、87.50%、78.12%,种级水平Nei基因多样度(H=0.2619)和香农信息指数(I=0.4082)大于种下居群,4个种下居群Nei基因多样度和香农信息指数比较巩留县>霍城县>新源县>裕民县;巩留县居群和新源县居群遗传一致度最大,遗传距离最近;根据基因分化系数(GST=0.064)值,测得的基因流Nm为7.265。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,巩留县和新源县居群遗传关系最近,霍城县居群次之,裕民县居群远离其他3个居群,巩留县、新源县、霍城县和裕民县4个居群是相对独立的群体,但同时存在部分基因交流。所有参数分析表明,巩留县遗传多样性最丰富,故在制定原位种质保护计划时应优先考虑巩留县居群。
Xinjiang Xinjiang Yili Prefecture Gongliu County town of Koldon Ning, Xinyuan County pay Wu Tuohai, Huocheng County Daxigou and Tacheng Yumin County Barrock Hill 4 species of 109 species of Xinjiang Wild apple as a material line, using 8 pairs of apple SSR primer population genetic structure of the study. The results showed that 16 bands could be amplified by 8 pairs of SSR primers. Among them, the highest percentage of polymorphism bands in Gongliu population was 89.06%, and the average Nei gene diversity of each locus was 0.257; 4 A total of 128 loci were amplified. The percentage of polymorphic loci at the species level and in the four populations of Gongliu County, Xinyuan County, Huocheng County and Yumin County were 100%, 88.28% and 84.38 %, 87.50% and 78.12% respectively. Nei gene diversity (H = 0.2619) and Shannon information index (I = 0.4082) at the seed level were greater than those under the seed population. The Nei gene diversity and Shannon’s information index Gongliu County> Huocheng County> Xinyuan County> Yumin County; Gongliu County and Xinyuan County had the highest genetic similarity and genetic distance; According to the value of GST = 0.064, Gene flow Nm 7.265. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the genetic relationship between Gongliu County and Xinyuan County was the most recent, followed by Huocheng County and Yuemen County far away from the other three populations. Gongliu County, Xinyuan County and Huo Cheng The four populations in county and Yumin counties are relatively independent groups, but there are also some gene exchanges at the same time. All parameters analysis showed that Gongliu County is the most abundant in genetic diversity. Therefore, Gongliu County population should be prioritized in the development of in situ germplasm conservation plan.