论文部分内容阅读
以华油杂62为材料,采用裂区设计,设置密度15万株hm~(–2)(D1)、30万株hm~(–2)(D2)、45万株hm~(–2)(D3)为主区;行距15 cm(R15)、25 cm(R25)、35 cm(R35)为裂区,研究密度及行距变化对油菜群体人工收获产量、叶面积指数(LAI)、角果皮面积指数(PAI)、透光率、抗倒伏、抗裂角性能及机械收获产量的影响,探讨透光率与产量、抗倒性的关系,建立机械化生产模式下油菜密度及行距最优配置。结果表明,密度增加或行距减小,油菜成株率适宜,LAI、PAI值增加,冠层透光率下降,群体生物量及经济系数增加,人工收获产量增加;但单位LAI(PAI)光拦截量、单株生物量及根干重下降,且较低的单位LAI(PAI)光拦截量有利于提高油菜经济系数;密度及行距处理间差异及互作效应显著,与农户习惯种植模式(D2R25)相比,在D3R15处理下可增产14.1%,获得最高人工收获产量。密度或行距增加,地上部鲜重、株高降低及根冠比增加,导致油菜茎秆、根倒角度下降,抗裂角指数增加,机械收获产量变化趋势与人工收获产量一致,与机械收获总损失率相反,表明除通过提高油菜抗倒性和抗裂角性降低机收损失外,较高的人工收获产量是获得较高机械收获产量的前提。由回归方程可知,与常规30万株hm~(–2)密度、25 cm行距配置比,密度43.8万株hm~(–2)和行距21 cm配置可使蕾薹期LAI提高21.02%、透光率及单位LAI光拦截量分别下降32.47%与17.36%,角果期PAI增加15.08%、透光率及单位PAI光拦截量分别下降32.04%与3.30%,获得较高的机械收获产量,进一步提高油菜机械化生产效益。
Using Huayouza 62 as material, the density of 150 000 hm ~ (-2) (D1), 300 000 hm -2 (D2) and 450 000 hm -2 were set by using split zone design. (D3) was the main area. The row spacing was 15 cm (R15), 25 cm (R25) and 35 cm (R35) respectively. The effects of density and row spacing on the yield, LAI, Area index (PAI), light transmittance, lodging resistance, crack initiation angle and mechanical harvest yield. The relationship between light transmittance and yield and lodging resistance was discussed, and the optimum configuration of rape density and row spacing under mechanized production mode was established. The results showed that with increasing density or decreasing row spacing, the ratooning plant rate was appropriate, the LAI and PAI values increased, the canopy light transmittance decreased, population biomass and economic coefficient increased, and the yield of artificial harvest increased. However, LAI (PAI) The biomass and root dry weight per plant decreased, and the light intercepting amount of LAI (PAI) in lower unit was conducive to increase the economic coefficient of rapeseed. The difference and interaction effect between density and row spacing treatment was significant, which was in good agreement with farmers’ habitual planting pattern (D2R25 ) Compared to D3R15 treatment yield 14.1% increase, the highest manual harvest yield. Density and row spacing increased, the fresh weight of shoots, plant height and root-shoot ratio increased, which led to the decrease of chamfer angle and cracking angle index of rape stalks and roots, and the trend of mechanical harvesting yield was consistent with that of artificial harvesting, The rate of loss, on the contrary, indicates that higher artificially harvested yields are a prerequisite for achieving higher mechanical harvest yields, except for reduced harvest losses through increased rape lodging and split resistance. According to the regression equation, the LAI at the budding stage increased by 21.02% compared with the conventional 30000 hm -2 density, 25 cm row spacing ratio, 438000 hm -2 density and 21 cm spacing. The light interception rate and unit LAI light interception decreased by 32.47% and 17.36% respectively, the PAI increased by 15.08% and the light transmittance and unit PAI light interception decreased by 32.04% and 3.30%, respectively, resulting in higher mechanical harvest yield Improve rape mechanization production efficiency.