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目的通过对计算机辅助膳食调查数据的分析,观察计算机辅助膳食调查的可行性及其结果的可靠性。方法在河南省鹤壁市和贵州省清镇县的8个居委会,每个居委会20个调查户,共160个调查户中采用计算机辅助家庭食用油和调味品入户称重记账结合24 h回顾法进行连续3 d膳食调查,每个调查户的所有家庭成员均为调查对象。结果在河南省鹤壁市与贵州省清镇县使用计算机辅助膳食调查得到的食物和营养素摄入量的信息反映出两地居民膳食结构和主要营养素摄入水平差异,贵州清镇县成年居民谷类、根茎类、豆类、蔬菜水果、猪肉和精炼动物油消费量显著高于河南鹤壁成年居民,而水产、蛋类和植物油的消费量显著低于河南鹤壁成年居民,禽肉消费量相似。河南鹤壁成年居民蛋白质、碳水化合物和钠的摄入水平显著高于贵州清镇县成年居民,而脂肪、维生素A、维生素B2、钙和锌等的摄入量相对较低。结论计算机辅助膳食调查具有食物定量准确、食物编码自动生成、数据收集周期较短、支持回访、数据质量好等优点,且膳食调查结果既反映出不同地区居民膳食结构的差异,也说明了与相应地区居民膳食结构的一致性。表明计算机辅膳食调查在营养流行病学调查中较好的可靠性和实用性。
Objective To investigate the feasibility of computer-assisted dietary surveys and the reliability of their results by analyzing the data of computer-assisted dietary surveys. Methods Totally 20 surveyed households in Hebi City of Henan Province and Qingzhen County of Guizhou Province were interviewed by computerized household edible oil and condiments in a total of 160 investigation households with a total of 160 households. Method for 3 consecutive days of dietary surveys, all surveyed households all family members are surveyed. Results The information of dietary and nutrient intake obtained by using computer-aided dietary surveys in Hebi City of Henan Province and Qingzhen County of Guizhou Province reflected the differences in dietary composition and nutrient intake between residents in Qingzhen County, Guizhou Province, The consumption of rhizome, beans, vegetables, fruits, pork and refined animal oil was significantly higher than that of adult Hebi, Henan, while the consumption of aquatic products, eggs and vegetable oils was significantly lower than that of Henan Hebi adult residents. The consumption of poultry meat was similar. The intake of protein, carbohydrate and sodium among adult inhabitants in Hebi of Henan was significantly higher than that of adult residents in Qingzhen, Guizhou, while the intake of fat, vitamin A, vitamin B2, calcium and zinc was relatively low. Conclusions The computer-aided dietary survey has the advantages of accurate food quantification, automatic generation of food codes, short data collection period, support for follow-up visits and good data quality. The results of the dietary survey not only reflect the differences in dietary patterns among residents in different regions, Consistency of dietary patterns among local residents. This shows that the computer-assisted dietary survey in the epidemiological survey of nutrition better reliability and practicality.