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目的比较高原世居藏族和移居汉族胎盘线粒体氧化磷酸化功能,探讨世居高原藏族低氧适应的线粒体机制。方法采用 Clark 电极法检测高原世居藏族和移居汉族胎盘线粒体Ⅲ态呼吸(ST3)、Ⅳ态呼吸(ST4)和呼吸控制率(RCR),计算氧化磷酸化效率(OPR);称量世居藏族和移居汉族胎盘重量和新生儿体重;测量胎盘体积及新生儿身长。结果(1)高原世居藏族胎盘重量、体积和新生儿体重、身长均明显高于移居汉族[分别为0.509kg±0.090 kg vs 0.429kg±0.099 kg(t=0.695,P=0.004)、657.66 cm~3±167.10 cm~3 vs 500.46 cm~3±140.69 cm~3(t=1.834,P=0.001)、3.495kg±0.439 kg vs 2.952 kg±0.388 kg(t=3.365,P=0.004)、49.81 cm±2.56 cm vs 48.10 cm±2.30 cm(t=2.025,P=0.000)];(2)高原世居藏族胎盘线粒体 RCR、ST_3、OPR 明显高于移居汉族[4.22±0.97 vs 3.21±0.37(t=3.232,P=0.004)、(67.78±13.57)nmol O·min~(-1)·mg pro~(-1)vs(41.27±10.49)nmol O·min~(-1)·mg pro~(-1)(t=5.257,P=0.000)、(117.93±32.69)nmol O·min~(-1)·mg pro~(-1)vs(68.94±28.88)nmol O·min~(-1)·mg pro~(-1)(t=2.985,P=0.001)],ST_4组间差异无统计学意义[(16.58±3.53)nmol O·min~(-1)·mg pro~(-1)vs(14.79±4.69)nmol O·min~(-1)·mg pro~(-1)(t=1.069,P=0.297)]。结论高原世居藏族胎盘线粒体氧化磷酸化程度显著高于移居汉族,这提示高原世居藏族在高原低氧环境下较移居汉族具有更强的利用氧的能力,可能是其高原低氧适应的重要机制。
Objective To compare the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation function of placenta native Tibetan and migrant Han in plateau and investigate the mitochondrial mechanism of Tibetan Plateau hypoxia adaptation. Methods The placental mitochondrial Ⅲ-state respiration (ST3), the state Ⅳ respiration (ST4) and the respiratory control rate (RCR) were detected by Clark’s electrode method and the oxidative phosphorylation efficiency (OPR) And immigrate Han placental weight and newborn weight; measure the size of the placenta and neonatal length. Results (1) The placenta weight, body weight, newborn weight and length of Tibetans were significantly higher than those of migrants ([0.509 kg ± 0.090 kg vs 0.429 kg ± 0.099 kg (t = 0.695, P = 0.004, 3 ± 167.10 cm -3 vs 500.46 cm -3 ± 140.69 cm -3 (t = 1.834, P = 0.001), 3.495 kg ± 0.439 kg vs 2.952 kg ± 0.388 kg (t = 3.365, P = 0.004) ± 2.56 cm vs 48.10 cm ± 2.30 cm respectively (t = 2.025, P = 0.000)]; (2) The mitochondrial RCR, ST_3 and OPR of Tibetan Tibetan placenta in highland were significantly higher than those in immigrant Han [4.22 ± 0.97 vs 3.21 ± 0.37 (t = 3.232, P = 0.004), (67.78 ± 13.57) nmol O · min -1 · mg pro -1 vs 41.27 ± 10.49 nmol O · min -1 · mg pro ~ (-1) 1) (t = 5.257, P = 0.000), (117.93 ± 32.69) nmol O · min -1 · mg pro -1 vs 68.94 ± 28.88 nmol O · min -1 · mg pro ~ (-1) (t = 2.985, P = 0.001)]. There was no significant difference between the ST_4 groups [(16.58 ± 3.53) nmol O · min -1 · mg pro -1 vs (14.79 ± 4.69) nmol O · min -1 · mg pro -1 (t = 1.069, P = 0.297)]. Conclusion Mitochondrial mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was significantly higher in native Tibetan placenta than in migrant Han, suggesting that the Tibetan natives in plateau had a stronger ability of using oxygen than that of immigrant Han in plateau, which may be important for adaptation to plateau hypoxia mechanism.