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引言 银杏(Ginkgo bilba linn),别名:白果(华东、华中)、公孙树(四川)、鸭掌树(北京)、鸭脚子、佛指甲(浙江)、佛指柑、灵眼(江苏太仓),乃我国特产。树形高大,材质优良,种实供食用和药用,是用材林和果木林珍贵树种。银杏树姿优美,春叶嫩绿,秋叶鲜黄,颇为美观,适应性强,还能抵抗和消除大气污染,又是环境绿化优良风景树种。银杏种实是我国传统出口商品,在国际市场上享有一定声誉。 银杏起源很早,是现存种子植物中最古老的孑遗植物,人们称为活化石。按银杏目树种,发生在古生代二叠纪,到中生代三叠纪侏罗纪更为繁盛,当时有15属以上,分布遍及全球,到白垩纪后期及新生代第三纪逐渐衰亡,在第三纪时,中欧还有银杏类分布,到第四纪冰期后,在中欧及北美等地全部灭绝,惟在我国,保留银杏一属一种,经过我国劳动人民长期辛勤培育,赖以生存到现在,而且栽培范围不断扩大,早在十二世纪初,就由我国传入日本,十八世纪初,又由日本传到西欧及北美,目前世界各地都在引种栽植。 银杏可作用材林经营,也可作果木林经营,还可作风景林经营,为了建设社会主义祖国和支援世界革命,很有必要积极发展银杏。
Introduction Ginkgo bilba linn, alias: Ginkgo (Huadong, Huazhong), Gongsun tree (Sichuan), duck palm tree (Beijing), duck feet, Buddha nails (Zhejiang) , Is our specialty. Tall tree, good material, seed for food and medicinal, is timber and fruit trees precious tree species. Beautiful ginkgo tree, spring green leaves, autumn leaves bright yellow, quite beautiful, adaptable, but also to resist and eliminate air pollution, but also the green landscape fine tree species. Ginkgo species is our traditional export commodities, enjoy a certain reputation in the international market. Ginkgo originated very early, is the oldest relict plants of existing seed plants, people called living fossils. According to the Ginkgo tree species, occurred in the Paleozoic Permian, to the Mesozoic Triassic Jurassic more prosperous, when there are more than 15 genera, distributed throughout the world, to the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Tertiary decline, in the third At the time of Ji’ning, there were also Ginkgo biloba distributions in Central Europe. After the Quaternary Ice Age, they were totally extinct in central Europe and North America. However, in our country, Ginkgo biloba is a species of genus. After long-term cultivation by our working people, it has survived till now , But also the growing range of cultivation, as early as the beginning of the twelfth century, from China into Japan, the early eighteenth Century, but also from Japan to Western Europe and North America, the world is now planted. Ginkgo biloba can be used for timber management, but also for the management of fruit trees, forest management can also be scenery, in order to build a socialist motherland and support the world revolution, it is necessary to actively develop ginkgo.