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为保障耕地休养生息和农业可持续发展,我国在六大区域内的地下水漏斗区、重金属污染区、生态严重退化区开展耕地轮作休耕制度试点工作。轮作休耕作为一种合理的耕地利用方式,对我国耕地的利用质量和粮食安全将产生深远影响。本文通过分析轮作休耕对我国粮食总产量、质量、供给结构、农民复耕与转移就业等作用机理,探讨其对我国粮食安全的影响。研究认为轮作休耕短期内对我国粮食总产量影响不大,但对粮食质量的提高、粮食供给结构的调整、耕地复耕和农业劳动力转移就业会产生较大影响。因此,提出明确轮作休耕的规模和试点区域;建立轮作休耕与粮食安全结合的宏观调节机制;实施新型职业农民培训工程;轮作休耕需与耕地流转有效结合,实现土地规模化经营;加大轮作休耕土地生态恢复和综合治理技术的研发与推广等对策建议。
In order to guarantee the recuperation and agricultural sustainable development of arable land, China conducted pilot work on arable land fallow system in the groundwater funnel zone, heavy metal pollution zone and severely degraded zone in six major regions. Rotation fallow as a reasonable way of arable land use, the quality of farmland and food security will have a profound impact. In this paper, we analyze the mechanism of fallow on the overall grain output, quality, supply structure, farmers’ re-farming and transfer of employment in China, and discuss the impact on China’s food security. The study suggests that short-term rotation of fallow has little effect on China’s total grain output, but will have a greater impact on the improvement of food quality, the adjustment of grain supply structure, the re-cultivation of cultivated land and the transfer of agricultural labor force. Therefore, it is suggested to define the scale and pilot areas for rotation fallow, to establish a macro-adjustment mechanism combining rotation of fallow and food security, to implement a new type of training for professional farmers, to effectively combine the rotation of fallow with the transfer of arable land so as to realize large-scale operation of land, R & D and promotion of land ecological restoration and comprehensive management techniques and other countermeasures and suggestions.