论文部分内容阅读
公元1644年,夏历甲申年,风雨飘摇的中国大地上,又一出改朝换代的历史剧上演,崇贞皇帝缢死煤山,结束了明朝276年的统治。农民军李自成杀进北京,立大顺朝,仅18天,遂告失败。骁勇剽悍的满族八旗兵在睿亲王多尔衮的率领下,一路狂飙,入山海关,进北京城,统一全国,颁诏天下,建立大清朝。 大清开国皇帝顺治六岁即位,年幼无知,由睿亲王多尔衮摄政七年,十四岁亲政,二十四岁病逝(顺治十八年,公元1661年)。以“圣天子孝先天下,首重山陵”的主张,亲定陵址,确立了清代皇陵的规制,自此清代皇帝的陵寝,在京东遵化,京西易县两处开建,历时270余年,形成了中国土地上规模最大,保存最完整的帝王陵墓群。而清朝入关前,太祖努尔哈赤葬在沈阳福陵,太宗皇太极葬沈阳昭陵,而肇祖,兴祖,景祖,显祖均葬于满族的发祥地辽宁新宾县的赫图阿拉。此三处葬地称为“盛京三陵”,盛京即沈阳。因为他们都是清朝皇帝的先祖,生前并未当过皇帝,只是在顺治五年被追尊帝号,故不在本文赘述。
AD 1644, the summer calamity, the earth-shattering China, another change of the history of the play took place, Chong Zhen Emperor died, the end of the rule of the Ming Dynasty in 276. Li Zicheng peasant army killed in Beijing, Li Dasheng North Korea, only 18 days, then failed. Under the leadership of Prince Rui Dorgon, the brave and fierce Manchu Eight Banquets led the Hurricanes into the Hsia Shan Customs and entered the capital of Beijing to unify the entire country. Emperor Qing Emperor Shunzhi was ascended the throne as a boy, young and ignorant. Prince Rui Duoer reincarnated for seven years, aged 14, and died of illness at the age of twenty-four (Shunzhi 18 years, AD 1661). With “Sheng Tianzi filial the world, the first heavy hill” proposition, pro-Ding Ling site, established the royal imperial tombs of the Qing Dynasty, since the emperors of the Qing Dynasty in Zunhua Jingdong, Jingxi Yixian opened two Which lasted 270 years and formed the largest and best preserved royal tombs in China. Before the Qing Dynasty entered the Customs, Taizu Nurhachu was buried in Fu Ling of Shenyang and Taizong Empire was buried in Shenyang Zhaoling, while Zhazu, Xingzu, Jingzu and Xianzu were buried in Hentu’ala, Xinbin County, the birthplace of Manchu. The three burial ground called “Shengjing three tomb”, Shengjing that Shenyang. Because they are the ancestors of the Qing dynasty emperor, did not become emperor during his lifetime, but in the five years of Shunzhi was chasing the Emperor, it is not in this article repeat.