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采用64个SSR标记对96份云南水稻(Oryza sativa)地方品种和选育品种的遗传多样性进行比较分析。结果发现64个标记都具有多态性,共检测到741个等位基因,每个多态性位点检测到的等位基因数为2-29个,平均11.57个;Nei基因多样性指数(He)范围在0.345(RM321)-0.932(RM1)之间,平均为0.56。水稻品种的遗传多样性并非按地理位置均匀分布,而是在相似系数为0.17的水平上明显分为2个不同类群,即籼稻类群和粳稻类群,且籼粳亚种间的SSR多样性差异不明显,籼稻平均等位基因数(Ap)和Nei基因多样性指数(Ap=10.6,He=0.46)与粳稻品种(Ap=10.7,He=0.48)十分接近,可能与这些品种间存在一定频率的基因交流有关。糯稻和非糯稻在籼稻群和粳稻群中都有表现,没有特别的分布规律。云南栽培稻选育品种与地方稻亲缘关系较近,其遗传基础可能来源于云南水稻地方品种。本研究结果表明,SSR标记能较好地区分云南栽培稻品种,且云南水稻地方品种遗传多样性丰富,存在大量的优质性状可供育种实践选择。
Sixty-four SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 96 cultivated and cultivated Oryza sativa cultivars in Yunnan province. The results showed that all 64 markers were polymorphic. A total of 741 alleles were detected. The number of alleles detected per polymorphic locus ranged from 2 to 29 with an average of 11.57. Nei gene diversity index ( He) ranged from 0.345 (RM321) to -0.932 (RM1) with an average of 0.56. The genetic diversity of rice cultivars was not evenly distributed by geographical location, but apparently divided into two different groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.17, ie, indica rice group and japonica rice group, and the SSR diversity difference between indica and japonica subspecies was not significant Obviously, the average allele number (Ap) and Nei gene diversity index (Ap = 10.6, He = 0.46) in indica rice were very close to those in japonica rice (Ap = 10.7, He = 0.48) Gene exchange related. Both glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice showed performance in both indica and japonica rice populations, with no special distribution pattern. Yunnan cultivated rice breeding varieties and local rice relatives, their genetic basis may be derived from Yunnan rice landraces. The results of this study showed that the SSR markers could distinguish Yunnan cultivated rice varieties well, and the genetic diversity of Yunnan rice landraces was rich. There are a lot of high quality traits available for breeding practice.