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目的分析广东省从化市在采取消除麻疹强化免疫活动后出现的一起麻疹暴发疫情的流行病学特征,并进行溯源,以指导今后麻疹的防控工作。方法现场开展流行病学调查、采样,通过描述性流行病学方法对资料进行分析。结果首例病例由外地到从化的途中已发病,其余病例均在近期应急接种麻疹活疫苗后发病。临床共同表现为发热、出疹,有卡他症状,伴咳嗽、结膜炎;实验室检测4例病例均为急性期麻疹IgM抗体阳性,1名密切接触者(首例患儿父亲)和1例患儿咽拭子分离出同基因型H1型麻疹病毒。结论工作环境、居住环境差和通风不良及首例病例的出现是此次麻疹暴发疫情的原因,及时开展一定范围内的应急接种是控制暴发疫情的有效手段;流动儿童管理是消除麻疹的难题之一;提高并保持高水平的免疫接种率、免疫及时率是控制和消除麻疹的前提。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of measles in Conghua City after the anti-measles immunization campaign was taken in Guangdong Province, and trace its origin to guide the prevention and control of measles in the future. Methods Epidemiological investigation and sampling were conducted on site, and the data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results The first case from the field to conghua has been on the way, the rest of the cases are in the near future after the emergency vaccination measles live. Clinical manifestations of fever, rash, catarrhal symptoms, with cough, conjunctivitis; laboratory tests were 4 cases of acute measles IgM antibody positive, a close contact (the first father of children) and 1 case Children with throat swab isolates type H1 herpes virus. Conclusions The working environment, poor living environment and poor ventilation and the first case are the reasons for the outbreak of measles. The prompt vaccination within a certain range is an effective way to control the outbreak; the management of migrant children is a difficult problem to eliminate measles First, to raise and maintain a high level of immunization coverage and timely immunization rate are the prerequisites for controlling and eliminating measles.