论文部分内容阅读
关于西域都护的建置时间,在古代史籍中记载不一,各级教科书的说法也不一致,有的取神爵三年(前59年),有的取神爵二年,《汉书》中又有地节二年(前68年)之说.那么,西域都护究竟建置于何年呢?《汉书·百官公师表上》:“西域都护加官,宣帝地节二年初置,以骑都尉、谏大夫使护西域三十六国.”《汉书·郑吉传》则说:“自元狩之际,张骞始通西域,至于地节,郑吉建都护之号.”以上所载,西域都护始建于地节二年,即汉遣郑吉为使者校尉出屯渠犁的时候.使者校尉是汉边郡的屯田校尉.徐天麟在《西汉会要·职官二·屯田校尉》下注说:“《西域传》云:武帝通西域,而轮台、渠犁皆有田卒数百人,置使者校尉领护,以给外国者.至宣帝置都护,匈奴益弱,不得近西域,于是徙屯田于北胥鞬、莎车地.屯田校尉,始属都护.”汉置使者校尉在西域屯田,固然主要为屯田积谷,供应汉驻西域军队及商使;另一方面,因屯田区地近匈奴,而西域诸国与汉之关系也时近时离,尚不稳固,使者校尉一般又兼有军事性质,它是一种具有特殊性质的农官.而西域都护是西北地区地方最高行政长官(本职为职都尉谏大夫,都护是其加衔),主掌管西域的军政事务及督率屯田
The construction time of the western region are protected, recorded in ancient history books vary, at all levels of textbooks are not consistent, some take Gods three years (59 years ago), and some take Gods two years, “Han” In another two years (68 years ago) said.So, the Western Regions are built care in what year it? “Han official hundred official table”: At the beginning of the year, riding captain, remonstrance doctor to protect the Western Regions thirty-six. “” Han Zheng Ji Chuan “said: ” Since the Yuan Dynasty hunting, Zhang Qian started the Western Regions, No. “The above are contained in the protection of the Western Regions were built in the land for two years, the Chinese sent Zheng Ji as a messenger out of Tunliu plow when the messenger Lieutenant is Hanbian County Tuntian school captain Xu Tianlin in the” The Western Han Dynasty will want to · Officer two Tuntian Captain “bet said:” “Western Regions Biography”: Wu Di Tong Western Regions, and Luntai, drainage plows have hundreds of pawns, Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant Colonel, to give Foreign to Xuan Di home are protected, the Huns benefit weak, not near the Western Regions, then resettlement Mita field in the North Xuan, Sha car site. Tuantian school captain, the beginning of all care. "Han homer messenger in Western Regions Tuntian, of course Mainly Tuntian Valley, supply Han stationed in the Western Regions Team and merchant; on the other hand, because the Tuntian District is close to the Huns and the relations between the Western Regions and the Han are also close at the time, it is not yet stable. The envoy of the messenger is generally both military in nature, Nature of the agricultural officer .Westland is the protection of the highest in the northwestern region chief executive (own serving as a doctor Wei Jian doctor, all the protection is its admissibility), the main charge of Western military affairs and governor rate