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目的分析仁化县5岁以下儿童死亡变化趋势及主要原因,为制定降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的干预措施提供科学依据。方法收集2004—2013年仁化县辖区13个医疗机构死亡报告卡和活产数,对其进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2004—2013年活产数为20 203例,男孩为10 355例,女孩9 848例;5岁以下儿童死亡例数共209例,男113例,女96例;平均死亡率为10.34‰,男女的死亡率分别为10.91‰、9.72‰。新生儿死亡112例,平均死亡率5.54‰;婴儿死亡161例,平均死亡率为7.97‰;新生儿、婴儿死亡分别占5岁以下儿童死亡的53.59%、77.03%。5岁以下儿童死因主要是早产和低出生体重、肺炎(含新生儿肺炎)窒息、意外伤害(含溺水)。结论加强医疗机构妇幼保健水平工作和加强对儿童的监管是降低仁化县5岁以下儿童死亡率的重要措施。
Objective To analyze the change trend and the main causes of death among children under 5 in Renhua County and to provide a scientific basis for making interventions to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years old. Methods The death report cards and live births of 13 medical institutions in Renhua County from 2004 to 2013 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results The number of live births in 2004-2013 was 20,203, with 1,035 boys and 9,848 girls. There were 209 deaths in children under 5 years old, 113 males and 96 females. The average death rate was 10.34 per thousand, Mortality rates for men and women were 10.91 ‰ and 9.72 ‰, respectively. 112 cases of neonatal death, the average mortality rate of 5.54 ‰; 161 cases of infant mortality, the average mortality rate was 7.97 ‰; neonatal and infant deaths accounted for 53.59% and 77.03% of children under 5 years of age respectively. The cause of death among children under 5 years of age is mainly premature birth and low birth weight, pneumonia (including neonatal pneumonia) suffocation, accidental injury (including drowning). Conclusion Strengthening the level of maternal and child health care in medical institutions and strengthening the supervision of children are important measures to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 in Renhua County.