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急性左心衰竭是比较常见的内科急症,病情往往甚为危急,处理稍有不妥可能造成严重后果。在正常情况下,左右心的排血量是相等的,因而不致有多余的血潴留于肺部。当急性左心衰竭时,左心排血量较右心急剧减低而发生肺部充血以至水肿。肺水肿的发生有两个因素:即肺毛细血管流体静压升高和其渗透性增加。前者是左心衰竭所致肺水肿的首要因素。但在肺充血水肿时,由于血管舒张神经受刺激而毛细管扩张、营养障碍和二氧化碳积聚,毛细管的渗透性也必增加。
Acute left heart failure is the more common medical emergency, the condition is often very critical, slightly improper handling may have serious consequences. Under normal circumstances, left and right heart discharge volume is equal, so as not to have excess blood retention in the lungs. When acute left heart failure, left ventricular ejection was drastically reduced than the right heart and pulmonary congestion and edema. Pulmonary edema occurs in two ways: increased hydrostatic pressure of pulmonary capillary fluid and increased permeability. The former is the primary cause of pulmonary edema caused by left heart failure. However, in pulmonary congestion and edema, capillary permeability is also increased due to capillary dilation, malnutrition and carbon dioxide accumulation caused by stimulation of the vasodilating nerves.