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将甲苯液相均相选择性催化氧化反应的催化剂分为:过渡金属盐、杂多化合物、过渡金属配合物、非金属化合物、复合催化剂等,对反应条件、结果和机理进行了总结。杂多化合物或金属卟啉参与反应时,反应条件较温和,对苯甲醛和苯甲醇的选择性高。复合催化剂通常表现出更好的催化性能,而且,当催化剂由非金属催化剂和金属催化剂组成时,对产物的选择性主要取决于金属催化剂部分。此外,以甲苯侧链的氧化为重点阐述了反应机理,指出开发更高效的复合催化剂和粗甲苯的氧化工艺是今后的发展重要方向。
The catalysts for homogeneous phase selective catalytic oxidation of toluene are divided into transition metal salts, heteropoly compounds, transition metal complexes, nonmetallic compounds and composite catalysts. The reaction conditions, the results and the mechanism are summarized. Heteropoly compounds or metalloporphyrins involved in the reaction, the reaction conditions are mild, high selectivity to benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. Composite catalysts generally show better catalytic performance, and when the catalyst consists of a non-metallic catalyst and a metallic catalyst, the selectivity to the product depends mainly on the metallic catalyst moiety. In addition, the reaction mechanism was elaborated mainly on the oxidation of side chain of toluene, and it was pointed out that the development of more efficient composite catalyst and the oxidation of crude toluene would be an important direction in the future.