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随着介入放射学和腔内技术的迅速发展,气囊扩张导管在临床医学的各个学科得到广泛运用,其中在泌尿外科的运用尤为突出,本文就其在泌尿外科的运用及进展作一综述。气囊扩张管的产生源于经皮血管成形术(PTA)的开展。PTA最早由Dotter和Judkins用于扩张下肢动脉粥样瘤病。Dotter发明的同铀套叠式管为强迫性扩张法,纵向力易造成血管壁损伤。1974年Gr(?)nt3ig改良设计出双腔气囊管(Gr(?)n3ig管),此导管具有耐高压性、可曲性、无伸缩性等特点,因只有放射方向的扩张力,若超过球囊额定压力,球囊会破裂,故狭窄腔道破裂的可能性较小,安全性高。Gr(?)nt3i3管气囊充气压力约3～6个大气压,可有不同规格,可引入不同的导丝。扩张时沿导丝通过狭窄段管腔,充气后起扩张作用,借助X线监视常可见
With the rapid development of interventional radiology and intraluminal techniques, balloon dilation catheters have been widely used in all disciplines of clinical medicine, especially in urology. This article reviews the application and progress of urothelial surgery. The development of balloon dilatation tubes stems from the development of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). PTA was first used by Dotter and Judkins to expand atherosclerosis of the lower extremities. Dotter invented the same uranium telescopic tube compulsive expansion method, longitudinal force easily lead to vascular wall injury. 1974 Gr (?) Nt3ig improved design of the double chamber balloon tube (Gr (?) N3ig tube), the catheter has high pressure resistance, bendable, non-stretch characteristics, because only the radial expansion of the force, if more than Balloon pressure, the balloon will rupture, it is less likely to crack the narrow cavity, high safety. Gr (?) Nt3i3 tube balloon inflation pressure of about 3 to 6 atmospheres, may have different specifications, can be introduced into different guide wire. Dilatation along the guide wire through the narrow section of the lumen, inflation after the expansion, with X-ray monitoring can often be seen