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元素周期表中现有 4 0多种金属元素在照明业用作辅助材料和固 /气态发光材料。这些所谓的难熔金属即包括 W、Mo、Nb、Ta、Re、Zr和 Hf等对目前各种工业光源至关重要。掺钾不下垂钨丝和钨线圈亦成了各种工业白炽灯不可缺少的部件材料。从固体材料工艺学方面看 ,卤钨白炽灯灯丝亦是具有最高负荷能量的部件材料。提高灯泡光效和延长其使用寿命等多种应用需求日趋增大。钍钨几乎成为所有为节能照明做出巨大贡献的最佳电极材料。但就目前使用其它代钍材料也并不难。如果在没有 1 0 μm左右薄边钼箔的情况下使电源进入卤钨白炽灯或金属卤化物放电灯石英管内是不可能的。钨冶金学在真空技术和粉末冶金技术方面取得了巨大进步。充气灯的问世亦迫使人们寻求新的方法来分离制取有用的稀有气体 ,并通过添加卤化物以防止管壁黑化 ,而且首次大规模应用 ppm技术制取强反应气体。此外 ,为进一步提高灯泡质量意识则必须考虑其表面光洁度等其它特性 ,因此 ,研究照明工业用 W、Mo等难熔金属无疑将是未来其它技术领域的首要课题。
More than 40 existing metallic elements in the Periodic Table are used as ancillary materials and solid / gaseous luminescent materials in the lighting industry. These so-called refractory metals, including W, Mo, Nb, Ta, Re, Zr and Hf, are of crucial importance for a variety of industrial light sources today. Do not dip potassium doped tungsten wire and tungsten coil has also become an indispensable part of a variety of industrial incandescent lamp materials. From the perspective of solid materials technology, halogen filament incandescent filament is also the component material with the highest load energy. Increasing the luminous efficiency of light bulbs and prolonging their service life and other applications are increasing. Thoriated tungsten is almost the best electrode material that makes a huge contribution to energy-efficient lighting. However, it is not difficult to use other thorium materials at present. It would not have been possible to have a power source in a tungsten halide or metal halide discharge lamp quartz tube without a thin side molybdenum foil around 10 μm. Tungsten metallurgy has made great strides in vacuum technology and powder metallurgy. The advent of inflatable lamps also forced people to find new ways to separate the production of useful rare gases, and by adding halides to prevent wall blackening, and the first large-scale application of ppm technology to produce strong reactive gases. In addition, in order to further improve the light bulb quality awareness must consider its surface finish and other characteristics, therefore, the study of lighting industry W, Mo and other refractory metals will undoubtedly be the forefront of other technical fields in the future.