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中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs)是一种由中性粒细胞释放的网状纤维结构，是机体固有免疫的一部分，其形成过程称为NETosis。近年研究发现NETs是一把双刃剑。在正常条件下，NETs的产生可以发挥清除病原体等作用，维持机体内稳态，但是在过量产生或清除不及时的情况下，NETs可以参与多种疾病的发病过程。本文针对NETs的生成和NETosis的发生机制，以及其在不同疾病中参与多种细胞因子分泌的作用进行综述。“,”Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are fibrous structures released by neutrophils and the formation process is called NETosis. NETs participate in the host innate immunity. Recent research has found that NETs is a double-edged sword. Under normal conditions, the formation of NETs can play a role in clearing pathogens and maintain the host homeostasis. However, when NETs are overproduced or not cleared in time, they can take part in the pathogenesis of many diseases. This article reviewed the formation of NETs, the mechanisms involved in NETosis and the role of NETs in the secretion of multiple cytokines in different diseases.