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犹太史学界在有关犹太社会现代转型起点问题的研究上,经历了科学主义、民族主义、流散地本位、全球史的几重范式转变。19世纪初,主张融合和同化的犹太教科学运动的学者将犹太社会现代转型的起点定在启蒙与解放上;20世纪上半叶,坚持巴勒斯坦中心史观的“耶路撒冷学派”强调,现代犹太史并不始于犹太人融入外邦主流社会,而始于犹太人与以色列故土重新恢复政治联系;而几乎与此同时,东欧和美国等地的犹太历史学者主张犹太自治以及流散地犹太社团的活力;进入20世纪80年代,随着全球史的兴起,注重联系与互动的研究路径又将转型的起点向前推至近代早期。透过近两个多世纪以来有关犹太社会现代转型起点问题研究的演进脉络,可以看到不同时代的犹太史学家对于现代性的回应,同时可见时代主题和身份认同对历史分期的深刻影响。
In the study of the starting point of the modern transformation of Jewish society, Jewish historians have undergone several paradigm shifts of scientism, nationalism, diaspora, and global history. At the beginning of the 19th century, scholars advocating integration and assimilation of the Jewish science movement set the starting point for the modern transformation of Jewish society on enlightenment and liberation. In the first half of the 20th century, the “Jerusalem School”, which adhered to the historical perspective of the Palestinian center, emphasized that modern Jewry History does not start with the integration of Jews into mainstream foreign society, but begins with the restoration of political relations between the Jews and the native land of Israel; almost at the same time, Jewish historians in Eastern Europe and the United States advocate the vitality of Jewish self-rule and the Jewish community in the Diaspora; In the 1980s, with the rise of global history, the research path of focusing on connection and interaction pushed the starting point of the transformation forward to the early modern times. Through the evolution of the research on the starting point of the modern transformation of Jewish society in the past two centuries or so, we can see the response of Jewish historians of different ages to the modernity. At the same time, we can see the profound influence of the theme and identity of the times on the historical staging.