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归谬法是一种非常有力的反驳方式,它的反驳过程是:反驳者先假定被反驳者的观点是正确的,然后对这一观点进行合理的引申,以最大限度地暴露对方观点的谬误与荒唐,进而达到驳倒论敌的目的。这种反驳的好处是干净、彻底,但在论辩实践中,还有一种与归谬法极为相似,却又更为有力的反驳方式,我们姑且称之为引导式正反比较归谬法。为了说明这种方法,我们先看两段完整的反驳。这是孟子和齐宣王的一段对话,出自《孟子·梁惠王下》。孟子问齐宣王:“您的臣下把他的妻子儿女托给他的朋友,自己去楚回游玩,等他回来时,他的妻子儿女已经挨饿受冻了,应该怎么办呢?”齐宣王说:“同他绝交。”又问:“狱官不能断案,该怎么办?”宣王说:“罢他的官。”孟子又问:“国家没治理好,应怎样对待国君呢?”宣王无言以对,只好看着左右的人,用别的话题来支吾了。
Refute the law is a very powerful way to refute, its refute process is: the rebutter first assumed rebutted point of view is correct, and then make a reasonable extension of this point of view, in order to maximize the exposure of each other’s fallacy And ridiculous, and thus up to refute the enemy’s purpose. The advantage of this refutation is cleanness and thoroughness. However, in the practice of argumentation, there is another form of refutation that is very similar to the principle of returning to absurdity, but we call it the guiding reflexive method of positive and negative comparison. To illustrate this method, let’s look at two complete refutations. This is a dialogue between Mencius and King Xuan Xuan, from “Under the Leong Hui Mencius.” Mencius asked Qi Xuan Wang: “Your minister lifted his wife and children to his friend and went back to play Chu himself. When his return comes, his wife and children have been starving and frozen. What should I do?” Saying: “I must cross him.” And asked: “Prison officials can not break the case, what to do?” King Xuan said: “His official.” Mencius asked: “The state did not rule well, what should be done to the monarch?” Speechless, had to look around people, with other topics to my defiantly.