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在水源保护区16.5°坡耕地上,种植豆科、禾本科、菊科等多年生牧草,替代传统的种植模式(玉米-小麦)。两年试验结果表明,种植牧草能有效降低水、土及养分流失,径流量、土壤流失分别比习惯种植减小27.6%～35.8%及41.8%～54.6%,氮磷钾养分流失比传统种植减少30.9%～41.3%,其中氮流失减少31.2%～39.4%,磷流失减少29.1%～39.2%。水土保持效果以种植禾本科牧草最好,菊科牧草稍差,豆科牧草及豆科-禾本科牧草混播效果居中。同时种植牧草还能取得较好的经济效益,纯收益比习惯种植增加9.2%～15.0%,是水源保护区种植结构调整及坡耕地综合治理的较好方式。
On the 16.5 ° sloping farmland in the water conservation area, legumes, grasses, asteraceae and other perennial grasses are planted to replace traditional planting patterns (corn-wheat). The results of two years showed that grass planting could effectively reduce the loss of water, soil and nutrients, and the runoff and soil loss were reduced by 27.6% -35.8% and 41.8% -54.6%, respectively, compared with the conventional planting. The loss of NPK nutrients was less than that of conventional planting 30.9% ~ 41.3%. Among them, nitrogen loss decreased by 31.2% ~ 39.4% and phosphorus loss decreased by 29.1% ~ 39.2%. The effect of soil and water conservation is the best for planting gramineous grass, the less for Asteraceae forages, and the mixed effect of leguminous forage and legume-gramineous pasture is medium. At the same time planting forage can achieve better economic benefits, net income increased by 9.2% ~ 15.0% than customary planting, is a good way to adjust the planting structure of water source protection areas and comprehensive management of slope farmland.