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从GenBank数据库中获得20种鹿科动物的线粒体DNA序列全长,分析了序列碱基含量和遗传距离关系,并构建系统进化树,探讨了鹿科动物的系统进化关系.序列分析表明:鹿科动物线粒体DNA全长为16 305～ 16 482 bp,A+T含量约占62.58％,各物种间遗传距离为0.014～0.164.系统进化分析表明:驼鹿在鹿科动物中可能是最古老的;麋鹿与鹿属亲缘关系较近,支持将麋鹿划到鹿属的观点;泽鹿与花鹿属的斑鹿和豚鹿先聚到一起,支持将泽鹿划到花鹿属中;麂亚科中小麂可能是最原始的,赤麂和黑麂亲缘关系较近;獐与狍亲缘关系更近,建议将獐与狍划归到一个亚科.“,”In this study,sequence lengths of mitochondrial DNA of 20 species in Cervidae were obtained from GenBank.The relationship between base compositions and genetic distances of the sequences was analyzed.The phylogenetic tree was constructed by NJ method,and the phyletic evolution relationship among Cervidae was discussed.Sequence analysis showed that the lengths of their mtDNA sequences ranged from 16 305 bp to 16 482 bp,A+T content was 62.58％,and genetic distance of each species ranged from 0.014-0.164.Phylogenetic analysis showed that A.alces is the most antique one among the 20 Cervidae species;Elaphurus davidianus and Cervus had close relationship,Elaphurus davidianus should be incorporated in Cervus;Rucervus duvaucelii and Axis had close relationship,and Rucervus duvaucelii should be incorporated in Axis;M.reevesi was more antique than M.muntjak and M.crinifrons,M.muntjak and M.crinifrons had close relationship;H.inermis and C.capreolus had close relationship,and it followed that H.inermis and C.capreolus should be classified into the same subfamily.