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1 序言 材料的高级化以及新材料的研究开发与熔炼技术密切相关,这一点是不言而喻的。多年来人们一直在千方百计地寻求能防止坩埚与熔化炉料接触污染金属的新熔炼技术,因而开发了诸如使用水冷坩埚的凝壳熔炼法以及以电子束为热源的下滴熔炼(Drip Melt)法等熔炼新技术。这些熔炼法虽然可防止坩埚对熔化金属的污染,但存在熔液温度不均匀以及热损失大等问题。解决这些问题的最根本方法之一就是使被熔化物保持悬浮。这种熔炼法的先驱就是早在1923年开发的Levitation melting me-thod。该熔化法是对金属外加一个高频磁场,利用所产生的电磁力使被熔化材料与坩埚壁呈非接触状态进行熔化与保温。但此熔炼法也存
It is self-evident that there is a close relationship between advanced materials and research and development of new materials and melting technology. For many years, people have been searching for new smelting technologies that prevent the crucible from contacting the molten charge with contaminated metals. Thus, there have been developed such methods as the crust melting method using water-cooled crucibles and the Drip Melt method using electron beams as a heat source Smelting new technology. Although these smelting methods prevent the crucible from polluting the molten metal, there are some problems such as uneven temperature of the melt and large heat loss. One of the most fundamental ways to solve these problems is to keep the melt in suspension. The pioneer of this melting method is the Levitation melting me-thod, which was developed as early as 1923. The melting method is a metal plus a high-frequency magnetic field, the use of electromagnetic force generated by the molten material crucible wall was non-contact state of melting and insulation. But this smelting method is also saved