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AIM:To examine the activation of the Nalp3 inflammasome and its downstream targets following lipopolysaccharide(LPS) -induced stimulation in the liver. METHODS:Six-to-eight-week-old C57BL/6 chow fed mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5μg/g bodyweight LPS and sacrificed 2,4,6,18 or 24 h later. LPS-induced liver damage was confirmed by a biochemical assay to detect alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels.To determine if LPS stimulation in the liver led to activation of the inflammasome,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of components of the Nalp3 inflammasome.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the protein expression levels of several downstream targets of the Nalp3 inflammasome,including caspase-1 and two cytokine targets of caspase-1,interleukin(IL) -1βand IL-18. RESULTS:We found that LPS injection resulted in liver damage as indicated by elevated ALT levels.This was associated with a significant increase in both mRNA and protein levels of the proinflammatory cy-tokine tumor necrosis factor(TNF) -αin the liver,as well as increased levels of TNFs in serum.We showed that LPS stimulation led to upregulation of mRNA levels in the liver for all the receptor components of the inflammasome,including Nalp3,Nalp1,pannexin-1 and the adaptor molecule apoptosis-associated specklike,caspase recruitment domain-domain containing protein.We also found increased levels of mRNA and protein for caspase-1,a downstream target of the inflammasome.In addition,LPS challenge led to increased levels of both mRNA and protein in the liver for two cytokine targets of caspase-1,IL-1βand IL-18. Interestingly,substantial baseline expression of pre-IL1βand pre-IL-18 was found in the liver.Inflammasome and caspase-1 activation was indicated by the significant increase in the active forms of IL-1βand IL-18 after LPS stimulation. CONCLUSION:Our results show that the Nalp3 inflammasome is upregulated and activated in the liver in response to LPS stimulation.
AIM: To examine the activation of the Nalp3 inflammasome and its downstream targets following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced stimulation in the liver. METHODS: Six-to-eight-week-old C57BL / 6 chow fed mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 μg / g bodyweight LPS and sacrificed 2,4,6,18 or 24 h later. LPS-induced liver damage was confirmed by a biochemical assay to detect alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. To determine if LPS stimulation in the liver led to activation of the inflammasome, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of components of the Nalp3 inflammasome. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the protein expression levels of several downstream targets of the Nalp3 inflammasome, including caspase-1 and two cytokine targets of caspase-1, interleukin (IL) -1βand IL-18. RESULTS: We found that LPS injection resulted in liver damage as indicated by elevated ALT levels. This was associated with a significant incredible ase in both mRNA and protein levels of the proinflammatory cy-tokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -alpha the liver, as well as increased levels of TNFs in serum. We showed that LPS stimulation led to upregulation of mRNA levels in the liver for all the receptor components of the inflammasome, including Nalp3, Nalp1, pannexin-1 and the adapter molecule apoptosis-associated specklike, caspase recruitment domain-domain containing protein. We also found increased levels of mRNA and protein for caspase-1, a downstream target of the inflammasome.In addition, LPS challenge led to increased levels of both mRNA and protein in the liver for two cytokine targets of caspase-1, IL-1 beta and IL-18. Interestingly, substantial baseline expression of pre-IL1 beta and pre-IL-18 was found in the liver. Inflammasome and caspase-1 activation was indicated by the significant increase in the active forms of IL-1 β and IL-18 after LPS stimulation. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the Nalp3 inflammasome is upregulated and activated in theliver in response to LPS stimulation.