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目的分析1974-2015年湖北省疟疾防治措施和流行趋势,为消除疟疾路径分析提供依据。方法回顾性收集、整理1974-2015年湖北省疟疾防治资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果 1974-2015年湖北省疟疾流行历经4个阶段:1974-1979年为高发流行状态,年平均发病率为174.47/万;1980-1999年为控制及巩固阶段,采取以控制传染源和蚊媒为重点的防治策略,疟疾发病率呈大幅下降趋势,年平均发病率为17.30/万;2000-2009年,采取以传染源监测和控制疟疾暴发流行为主的防治策略,加强对流动人口管理,年平均发病率为0.42/万,呈继续平稳下降趋势;2010年之后为消除阶段,发病率继续下降,2013年首次无本地感染病例。各阶段年均发病率差异有统计学意义(c2=1 254.36,P<0.05)。结论湖北省疟疾流行趋势历经了高发流行阶段、大幅度下降阶段、低发平稳阶段和消除疟疾阶段,但影响疟疾发生的自然因素并未完全改变,加强输入性疟疾防控和全面监测工作是今后疟防工作的主要任务。
Objective To analyze the malaria control measures and epidemic trends in the period from 1974 to 2015 in Hubei Province and provide the basis for malaria path analysis. Methods The data of malaria control in Hubei Province from 1974 to 2015 were collected retrospectively, and the descriptive epidemiological method was used for statistical analysis. Results The epidemic of malaria in Hubei Province from 1974 to 2015 went through 4 stages: 1974-1979 was a high-prevalence epidemic with an annual average incidence of 174.47 / million; 1980-1999 was the control and consolidation phase, which was conducted to control the sources of infection and mosquito vectors As the key prevention and control strategy, the incidence of malaria showed a sharp downward trend with an annual average incidence of 17.30 / million. From 2000 to 2009, the prevention and control strategies of infectious diseases monitoring and control of outbreaks of malaria were adopted to strengthen the management of floating population, The annual average incidence rate was 0.42 / million, showing a steady downward trend; after 2010 to eliminate phase, the incidence rate continued to decline in 2013 for the first time without local infection. The average annual incidence of each stage was statistically significant (c2 = 1 254.36, P <0.05). Conclusion The epidemic trend of malaria in Hubei Province has gone through the phases of high prevalence, substantial decline, stable development and elimination of malaria. However, the natural factors affecting the occurrence of malaria have not completely changed. The prevention and control of malaria and the comprehensive monitoring of imported malaria are the future The main task of malaria prevention.