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目的研究老年退役军事飞行人员疾病谱特点，为现役及退役飞行人员的航卫保障和保健提供依据。方法对退役飞行人员组（７０例）与对照组（１５１例）的疾病顺位及发病特点等进行比较。结果退役飞行人员组腰肌及腰椎疾病、糖尿病、鼻部疾病、高脂血症、脂肪肝、肾结石、神经衰弱等发病明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１）；肺气肿、慢性支气管炎、白内障明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１）；心肌梗塞、脑血管疾病发病率为１２．５％、８．６％，对照组为５．１％、４％。飞行累积时间≥２０００ｈ者冠心病发病明显高于飞行时间＜２０００ｈ者（Ｐ＜０．０５）；退役飞行人员组呼吸系统疾病明显低于对照组，泌尿系统疾病发病明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论两组疾病特点的差异说明飞行特殊职业环境、膳食结构等对老年退役飞行员疾病成因有影响，应从飞行初始即进行相应干预。某些疾病发病率明显低于对照组，机理有待进一步探讨。
Objective To study the characteristics of disease spectrum of elderly retired military pilots and provide the basis for the protection and health care of pilots of active and decommissioned pilots. Methods The diseased and diseased characteristics of decommissioned flight crew (70 cases) and control group (151 cases) were compared. Results The retired flight crew had higher incidence of psoas and lumbar disease, diabetes, nasal diseases, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, kidney stones and neurasthenia than those in the control group (P <0.05 or 0.01). The lung Emphysema, chronic bronchitis and cataract were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.05 or 0.01). The incidence of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease was 12.5% and 8.6% respectively, while the control group was 5.1 %, 4%. The cumulative incidence of coronary heart disease≥2000h was significantly higher than that of flight time <2000h (P <0.05). The respiratory diseases in retired flight crew were significantly lower than those in control group, and the urological diseases were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The differences in the characteristics of the two groups of diseases indicate that the special occupational environment and dietary structure of the flight have an impact on the causes of the illness of elderly retired pilots. Corresponding interventions should be made from the very beginning of the flight. The incidence of some diseases was significantly lower than the control group, the mechanism needs further study.