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对于地层速度不变的情况,F-K偏移是一种简单而快速的处理方法。此法的第一步是将波动方程在F-K空间进行二维傅里叶变换,求出F-K空间的偏移算子,然后利用替换变数方法,把t=0时的波场进行二维逆傅里叶变换求出偏移剖面。当速度随深度变化时,从原则上说,仍可将叠加时间剖面先依照给定的速度曲线转换成为伪深度剖面,然后再依常速情况进行偏移。但是,这种时深转换有误差,因此,在转换时要加以必要的修正。在实现F-K偏移时,要考虑周期性的边界条件,及在水平方向和垂直方向上补零值记录道的作用。
F-K Offset is a simple and fast method of handling for constant formation velocities. The first step of this method is to make two-dimensional Fourier transform of the wave equation in FK space and find the offset operator in FK space. Then, using the substitution variable method, the wave field at t = 0 is subjected to two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform Fourier transform to find the offset section. When the velocity varies with the depth, in principle, the superimposed time slice can still be converted into a pseudo-depth profile according to a given velocity curve and then offset according to the normal velocity. However, there are errors in this time-to-depth conversion, so the necessary corrections should be made when converting. When implementing F-K offsets, consider the periodic boundary conditions and the effect of zeroing the zero-value traces in the horizontal and vertical directions.