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目的:探讨早产儿听力发育的影响因素。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,对2012年1~10月在北京妇产医院新生儿重症监护病房住院的416例早产儿进行脑干听觉诱发电位(ABR)检查。结果:窒息、感染、高胆红素血症和小于胎龄儿(SGA)是早产儿听力发育的危险因素(P<0.05)。另外,胎龄越小、出生体重越低对早产儿听力发育的影响越大(P<0.05)。早产儿给予7天以上的机械通气,对早产儿听力发育的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);若<7天则无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论:早产儿是听力损失的高危人群,应重点监测、早期诊治。
Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of hearing development in preterm infants. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the brainstem auditory evoked potentials (ABR) in 416 preterm infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit of Beijing Maternity Hospital from January to October in 2012. Results: Asphyxia, infection, hyperbilirubinemia and small gestational age (SGA) were risk factors for hearing development in preterm infants (P <0.05). In addition, the smaller the gestational age, the lower the birth weight has a greater impact on the hearing development of premature children (P <0.05). The effect of mechanical ventilation on preterm infants more than 7 days was significant (P <0.05), but no significant change (P> 0.05) on premature children hearing less than 7 days. Conclusion: Preterm infants are at high risk of hearing loss, and should be monitored and diagnosed early.