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世界经济一体化第一个浪潮是民族国家经济内部的一体化;第二个浪潮是从十九世纪中叶自由贸易运动开始,由英国带头,扩展到欧洲大陆。直到1914年为止大多数国家都在一个多边贸易与支付体系中密切结合起来。1914年以前的世界经济基本上没有毛病。1914年到1945年则可以描述为世界经济解体和世界贸易下降时期。但这个时期尤其是大萧条在许多重要方面是一种独特的历史现象。第三个浪潮是战后时期重新一体化。战争结束以后,尤其1948年以后,世界贸易增长得非常迅速。这是世界生产迅速增长的结果,但它也有力地促进了世界生产的增长。工业国家迅速恢复和增长以及世界贸易扩张的一个必不可少的条件是取消国内外重重选迭的直接管制。从战后事实与数字的仔细研究可以得出结论税,“不发达国家”曾经从世界贸易得到很大好处,自1962年年中以来,“不发达国家”的贸易情况已经大大改善,假定工业国家避免了严重萧条并保持适当的增长率,排除掉进一步革命性的工艺改革和高度保护贸易政策,“不发达国家”就能指望一个不断扩大的销售市场。如果能保持工业国家高水平就业和增长,如果贸易进一步一体化或最低限度贸易壁垒不会为了国际收支或保护贸易的缘故而提高,那末,世界贸易的增长和世界各主要地区更密切的一体化,也就没有理由不继续下去。
The first wave of world economic integration is the internal integration of economies in nation-states. The second wave started from the free trade movement in the mid-nineteenth century and led by the United Kingdom to the European continent. Until 1914 most countries were closely integrated in a multilateral trade and payment system. The world economy before 1914 was basically free from problems. 1914-1945 can be described as the demise of the world economy and the decline of world trade. However, this period, especially the Great Depression, is a unique historical phenomenon in many important aspects. The third wave is the reintegration in the post-war period. After the war ended, especially after 1948, world trade grew very rapidly. This is the result of the rapid growth in world production, but it also strongly contributes to the growth of world production. An indispensable condition for the rapid recovery and growth of industrialized countries and the expansion of world trade is the abolishment of the direct control over the numerous rounds of elections at home and abroad. From the careful study of post-war facts and figures, a conclusion tax can be drawn. “Underdeveloped countries” enjoyed great benefits from world trade. Since mid-1962, the trade situation in the “underdeveloped countries” has been greatly improved. Assuming that the industrial The country avoided a severe recession and maintained an appropriate growth rate. Without further revolutionary technological reform and high protection of trade policies, the “underdeveloped countries” could count on an expanding sales market. If the high level of employment and growth in the industrialized countries can be maintained and if the trade is further integrated or minimum trade barriers will not rise for the sake of the balance of payments or the protection of trade, the growth of world trade is more closely linked with that of the major regions of the world There is no reason not to continue.