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商族先世是居住于黄河中下游的一个古老的氏族部落共同体,活动中心在今山西南部和河南北部地区,后来又不断向东部地区移动,到达今河北南部和山东西部广袤地带,与东夷族长期共处。大约公元前17世纪末,商部落逐渐强大起来,夏桀时,商部落首领汤开始征伐其他部落。《孟子·滕文公下》说:“汤始征,自葛载,十一征而无敌于天下。”汤趁夏桀与东夷纷争,陷于孤立之际,起兵伐桀,灭夏,建立商朝。相传商的始祖契因佐禹治水有功,而为舜的“司徒”,封于商,赐姓子氏(《史记》)。商部落这时还是以畜牧为主的游牧部落,过着“无定处”、“不常厥邑”的流动生活,见于记载的迁徙就有13次,特别是从契至相土,不过三世,前后五迁,相土以后,自昌若到汤共十一代,活动中心又迁徙了三次。《尚书序》说:“自契至于成汤八迁,汤始居亳,从先王居。”因之,
The ancestor of the Shang clan is an ancient clan tribe community living in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The activity center is now in southern Shanxi and northern Henan, and then continuously moves to the eastern part of the country. It reaches the present vast areas in southern Hebei and western Shandong, Long-term coexistence. About the beginning of the 17th century BC, the commercial tribe grew stronger. When the tribal chief soup began to conquer other tribes during the summer solstice. “Mencius Teng Wen Gong Xia” said: “The soup began Zhengzheng, since Ge Zai, eleven levy invincible in the world.” Soup while Xia Zu and Dong Yi disputes, caught in isolation, uprising, destroy summer, the establishment of business towards. It is said that the ancestor of the business, Cheyenne Zuyu, is good at governing the water and is the “Stuart” of Shun, sealed in business and given surname (“Historical Records”). At this time, the tribe was still a nomadic tribe headed by livestock husbandry and lived in a mobile life of “no place to be” and “uncommon Jueyi”. Thirteen times the recorded migration, , Before and after the five move, phase soil, since Changruo soup a total of eleven generations, the activity center has migrated three times. “Shang preface,” said: “Since the contract as the soup eight moved, soup began to settle, from the first king.” Therefore,