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把一种语言里繁多的音素(phone)归纳成数目有限的音位(phoneme),不同的人可以有不同的结论。这有两方面原因:一是音位学家在确定音位数目时所依据的方言不同,二是研究的方法不同,具体地说,是归纳音位所遵循的原则以及对于原则的理解和具体运用有不同。英语在英国本土和其他英语国家和地区有若干差异,本文只讨论英国英语的音位问题。 英国英语究竟有多少音位?老资格的英国语音学家琼斯(Daniel Jones)认为,标准英语,即英国普通话(General British)有24个元音,28个辅音(包括/tr dr ts dz/),一共52个音位。当代英国语音学家琴森(A.C.Gimson)认为元音有20个,辅音有24个或27个(如果/tr dr hw/也算音位),音位总数是44或47个。美国结构学派的特瑞格(G.L.Trager和小司密斯(Henry Lee Smith,Jr)则认为,英、美、加各国的英语都只有9个元
To summarize the large number of phones in a language into a limited number of phonemes, different people can have different conclusions. There are two reasons for this: First, phonologists rely on different dialects in determining the number of phonemes, and second, they differ in their methods of study. Specifically, they summarize the principles followed by phonemes and understand and specify the principles There are different uses. There are a few differences between English native English and other English-speaking countries and regions. This article only discusses the phonemic issues in British English. Daniel Jones, a veteran English phonetician, believes that the standard English, General British, has 24 vowels, 28 consonants (including / tr dr ts dz /), , A total of 52 phonemes. Contemporary British phonetician A.C. Gson thinks there are 20 vowels, 24 or 27 consonants (if / tr dr hw / is also phonetic), and the total number of phonemes is 44 or 47. According to G.L.Trager and Jr. of the American structural school, there are only 9 yuan in English in Britain, the United States and in other countries