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1945年二战结束后,以苏联为首的社会主义国家与以美国为首的西方国家进入了冷战时期,冷战最激烈的地区当属苏、美、英、法四国共管的德国首都柏林。1948年,双方在抢夺整个柏林的控制权上发生了冷战时期的第一次激烈交锋,自1948年6月24日起,苏联全面切断了苏占区与美、英、法西占区(西柏林)之间的水陆交通,并停止向西柏林供电,同时也停止从苏占区向西柏林供应物资,开始了对西柏林的全面封锁。当时,深受战争创伤的西柏林没有任何生产能力,存粮仅够维持35天。经过粗略估算,西柏林每天至少需要4500吨物资才能维持基本生存,除了饮用水,几乎所有一切物资,例如一根线、一片面包都需要从外面运进来。
After the end of World War II in 1945, the socialist countries headed by the Soviet Union and the Western countries headed by the United States entered the Cold War era. The war where the Cold War was most intense belonged to Berlin, the German capital co-administered by the Soviet, American, British and French nations. In 1948, the two sides fought for the first time in the Cold War during the preemptive control of Berlin. Since June 24, 1948, the Soviet Union has completely cut off the relations between the Soviet Union and the United States, Britain and the French West (West Berlin) and stopped supplying electricity to West Berlin, and also stopped supplying supplies to West Berlin from the Soviet occupied area and started a complete blockade of West Berlin. At that time, West Berlin, traumatized by the war, did not have any productive capacity and kept enough grain for 35 days. After a rough estimate, West Berlin needs at least 4,500 tons a day to maintain its basic subsistence. In addition to drinking water, almost all supplies, such as a wire and a piece of bread, need to be carried in from the outside.