液压系统的发展方向——液压挖掘机技术

• 作 者: 洛斯·亨克 刘玉红 张永升
• 出 处: 矿山机械
• 发表日期: 1989年10期
• 关键词: 液压挖掘机 液压系统 柱塞 旋转动作 变量泵 行走机构 定量马达 液压控制 机械传动 液压驱动

液压挖掘机在20世纪50年代中期首先出现在德国。只是辅助机构使用了液压驱动,回转和行走机构仍是机械传动。到60年代初期,所有的动作都改用液压控制,由于采用了最新发展起来的轴向柱塞变量泵和斜轴式定量马达。欧洲采用的轴向柱塞变量泵允许使用较高的压力——最初用24MPa,随着油泵技术的发展又到31MPa和41.37MPa。这便引起了著名的“高低压”争论,直到70年代,美国的制造商采纳了轴向柱塞组件之后,这个争论才得以平息。挖掘机要控制的基本动作有五个(图1):行走、回转、动臂升降、斗杆摆动、铲斗摆动。行走和回转都是旋转动作,其它是直线

Hydraulic excavators first appeared in Germany in the mid-1950s. Only the auxiliary mechanism uses hydraulic drive, slewing and running gear is still mechanical transmission. By the early 1960s, all the movements were switched to hydraulic control thanks to the newly developed axial piston variable displacement pump and inclined axis fixed displacement motor. The axial piston variable displacement pumps used in Europe allow the use of higher pressures - initially at 24 MPa and again at 31 MPa and 41.37 MPa with pump technology. This led to the famous “high and low pressure” controversy, which was not settled until American manufacturers adopted axial piston assemblies in the 1970s. Excavator to control the basic action of five (Figure 1): walking, slewing, boom lift, stick swing, bucket swing. Walking and turning are rotating action, the rest is a straight line