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目的:探讨孕鼠铅暴露对仔鼠血铅水平和听力的影响。方法:Wistar大鼠42只,按雌、雄配对分为5组(A、B、C、D、E组)。A组为正常对照组,进食正常饲料,B、C、D、E组每公斤饲料分别添加醋酸铅0.3、0.9、2.7、8.1g,产仔后恢复正常饲料。大鼠及仔鼠于出生后1、3周分别进行畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)、听性脑干反应(ABR)和血铅测定。结果:仔鼠与大鼠血铅水平呈正相关(r=0.5817);DPOAE测试:大鼠和仔鼠均为一般正常耳蜗反馈曲线;ABR测试:大鼠D组Ⅰ~Ⅲ、Ⅲ~Ⅴ波间期与正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。仔鼠c1、c3组反应阈大于正常对照组(均P<0.05);仔鼠b1、c1、e1组Ⅰ波潜伏期短于正常对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:仔鼠血铅水平与母鼠孕期铅暴露的程度相关;孕期低水平的宫内铅暴露对仔鼠听神经中枢段及听觉传导等特别敏感,易造成损伤。
Objective: To investigate the effect of lead exposure on blood lead levels and hearing in pregnant rats. Methods: Forty-two Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (A, B, C, D and E groups) according to female and male pairs. A group of normal control group, eating normal diet, B, C, D, E group were added lead acetate 0.3, 0.9,2.7,8.1 g per kg of feed, after birth, return to normal diet. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), auditory brainstem response (ABR), and blood lead levels were measured in rats and offspring at 1 and 3 weeks after birth. Results: There was a positive correlation between blood lead levels in offspring rats and rats (r = 0.5817). DPOAE test: normal cochlear feedback curves were found in both rats and offspring. ABR test: Compared with the normal control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The response thresholds in c1 and c3 groups were greater than those in normal control group (all P <0.05). The latency of wave Ⅰ in b1, c1 and e1 groups was shorter than that of normal control group (all P <0.05). Conclusion: The levels of blood lead in offspring are related to the extent of lead exposure during pregnancy. Low levels of intrauterine lead exposure during pregnancy may be particularly sensitive to the auditory nerve center of the offspring and may cause damage.