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目的:了解农村已婚育龄妇女避孕节育状况及其影响因素。方法:采用多阶段整群抽样法于2010年7月～8月从河北省农村抽取年龄<49周岁的已婚育龄妇女960例,应用自制调查表进行面对面的现场调查,以了解妇女保健情况、避孕节育知晓情况、避孕节育获得及实施情况等。结果:所调查的已婚育龄妇女中,75.0%采取避孕措施,25.0%未采取避孕措施。未避孕的主要原因包括有指标待孕、担心副作用及现已怀孕等;各种避孕方法中按知晓率从高到低居前4位的依次为:女性绝育(宫内节育器)91.5%、避孕药77.9%、安全套69.7%、避孕针剂28.5%,其中知道4种以上避孕方法的妇女仅占32.0%;在避孕措施选择上,主要采用“女性绝育”(47.1%)和“避孕套”(35.3%)的避孕方式;多因素分析结果显示:年龄、文化程度、避孕方法知晓程度、避孕药具获得途径、人工流产史对避孕措施的选择有显著影响(P<0.05)。结论:农村已婚育龄妇女避孕节育知识水平有待提高,在加大避孕节育知识宣传力度的同时,应增加免费避孕药具的易得性,提高对避孕节育措施的使用率。
Objective: To understand the contraceptive status of married women of childbearing age in rural areas and its influencing factors. Methods: A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to collect 960 married women of childbearing age aged <49 years from rural Hebei province from July to August 2010, and conducted self-made questionnaires to conduct face-to-face field surveys to understand women’s health condition, Contraceptive awareness, contraception and contraceptive access and implementation. Results: Among married women of childbearing age surveyed, 75.0% adopted contraception and 25.0% did not take contraception. The main causes of non-contraception include indicators of pregnancy, fear of side effects and now pregnant, etc .; various contraceptive methods according to the highest awareness of the top four followed by: female sterilization (IUD) 91.5% 77.9% of contraceptives, 69.7% of condoms and 28.5% of condoms. Of them, only 32.0% of women knew more than 4 methods of contraception. In terms of contraceptive methods, they mainly used “sterilized women” (47.1%) and contraceptives (35.3%). The results of multivariate analysis showed that age, educational attainment, awareness of contraceptive methods, access to contraceptives and abortion history had significant effects on the choice of contraceptive methods (P <0.05). Conclusion: The level of contraceptive knowledge in married women of childbearing age in rural areas needs to be improved. While increasing the publicity of contraceptive knowledge, the availability of free contraceptives should be increased and the use of contraceptives should be increased.