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目的了解疫源地的现状、空间结构、性质、主要宿主和媒介与病原体的关系,确正IHA检出阳性血清的特异性和鼠疫菌突变的生物学特性。方法流行病学抽样调查和监测,宿主对鼠疫菌的敏感性和感受性试验,鼠疫菌突变试验,血清学IHA、RIP的特异性试验,蚤传播能力试验。结果雷州半岛1950～1951年检鼠疫患者314份,分离到鼠疫菌91株,检蚤118只分离至4株,检鼠和臭鼩鼱1830份分离108株、镜检鼠和臭鼩鼱3668份,阳性53份;1952年镜检鼠和臭鼩鼱12063份,阳性58份;1953～2005年镜检和培养鼠和臭鼩鼱575768份,蚤5300只,均未检到菌;1973～1988年用IHA检鼠和臭鼩鼱血清89092份,阳性40份,RIP检5247份,阳性2份,RIHA检鼠脏器2050份阳性3份;1989～2005年IHA检98906份,RIP检5686份均为阴性。非疫区1957～2005年检鼠和臭鼩鼱27227份和蚤3809只均未检到菌,IHA检鼠类血清9241份和RIP检6727份全为阴性。结论雷州半岛是黄胸鼠鼠疫疫源地,黄胸鼠是主要宿主,褐家鼠和臭鼩鼱、小家鼠是间接宿主,黄毛鼠对鼠疫菌极敏感,印鼠客蚤是主要媒介,伍氏病蚤传播能力与印鼠客蚤相当、穗缘端蚤较弱,50年代初是流行末期、70年代至80年代是迁延期、90年代至2005年是静息期。用四个实验结果证实血清学检出的F1抗体和F1抗原,皆有很好特异性。
Objective To understand the current situation, spatial structure, nature, main hosts and vectors and pathogens in foci of endemic areas, and to confirm the biological characteristics of the positive serums detected by IHA and the mutation of Y. pestis. Methods Epidemiological sampling survey and monitoring, host sensitivity test to Yersinia pestis and susceptibility test, Yersinia pestis mutation test, serological IHA, RIP specificity test and flea transmission ability test. Results In the Peninsula of 1950 to 1951, a total of 314 plague patients were seized, 91 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated and 118 were isolated from flea to 4, 1830 were isolated from mice and stinkbugs, Positive 53; in 1952 the mirror rat and stinkbug 12063, positive 58; 1953 to 2005 microscopy and culture rat and stinkbug 575768, flea 5300, were not detected bacteria; 1973 to 1988 89092 serum samples were obtained from IHA and stinkbug smears, 40 were positive, 5247 were RIP, 2 were positive and 2050 were positive from RIHA, respectively. There were 98906 IHA and 5686 RIP from 1989 to 2005 Negative. In the non-infected area, 27227 mice and stink bug were detected in 1957 ~ 2005, and 3809 fleas were not detected. 9241 IHA mice and 6727 RIP were all negative. Conclusion The Leizhou peninsula is the origin of the rodent plague. The rodents are the main hosts, Rattus norvegicus and Siberian Rattus norvegicus. The Rattus norvegicus is an indirect host. Rattus rat is very sensitive to Y. pestis, , Wu’s flea flea transmission capacity and India were the same rat fleas, ear margin flea is weak, the early 1950s is the end of the epidemic, the 70’s to 80’s is the extension of the 90’s to 2005 is the resting period. The results of the four experiments confirm that both the F1 antibody and the F1 antigen detected by the serology are very specific.