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古典自由主义的社会契约论并非科学实证研究的产物,而是一种批判化的规范模式。它所表达的自然权利诉求为自由主义的工具性国家观提供了根据,从而成功地改变了现存政治制度的基础,但其非历史的抽象哲学论证和个人主义的前提假设备受质疑。马克思以现实的个人来批判那种抽象的、超历史的个人,认为近代思想家的抽象人性论把资产阶级本性误以为是亘古不变的人类本性。本文认为,作为一种政治寓言,古典自由主义的社会契约论是被用来对政治权力施加限制或证明政治权威的合法性的,其中的政治主张参与了资本主义文明进程,但与资产阶级的利益追求没有必然的关系。
The classical liberal social contract theory is not the product of scientific empirical research, but a critical normative model. The appeals for natural rights it expresses provide the basis for a liberal instrumentalist outlook that succeeded in changing the foundations of the existing political system, but its non-historical abstract philosophical arguments and individualist assumptions have been questioned. Marx criticizes the abstracted and ultra-historical individuals with realistic individuals. He believes that the abstract humanism of modern thinkers mistook bourgeois nature as the eternal human nature. This article argues that as a kind of political allegory, the classical liberalism social contract theory is used to impose restrictions on political power or to prove the legitimacy of political authority. The political propositions involved in the process of capitalist civilization, but with the bourgeois There is no necessary relationship between the interests of the pursuit.