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为得到综合性能良好的5056铝合金桥形件,采用挤压成形工艺方案并对在不同小圆角半径的凸凹模作用下桥形件的成形过程进行数值模拟和分析。结果表明:当压下量S为40 mm、成形温度为420℃、凸凹模小圆角半径r为10 mm时,挤压变形过程中桥形件的小圆角处不会出现缩口缺陷;桥形件的等效应变分布、等效应力分布较为均匀;桥形件的等效应变差值最小,等效应力最大值最低。采用优化后的工艺参数和模具对模拟结果进行实验验证,得到符合尺寸和精度要求的桥形件。
In order to obtain the 5056 aluminum alloy bridge with good overall performance, the extrusion process was adopted and the forming process of the bridge was simulated and analyzed by using the punch and die with different small fillet radius. The results show that no shrinkage defect occurs at the small fillet of the bridge during the extrusion deformation when the reduction S is 40 mm, the forming temperature is 420 ℃, and the small fillet radius r is 10 mm. The equivalent strain distribution of bridge and the equivalent stress distribution are more uniform. The bridge bridge has the smallest equivalent strain and the lowest equivalent stress. The optimized process parameters and molds are used to verify the simulation results, and the bridge parts that meet the requirements of size and accuracy are obtained.