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一、前言全世界大陆平均年迳流量46.8万亿立米,而目前每年人类的总用水量为8万亿立米,约占全球总迳流量的17％。随着工农业生产的发展,工农业用水日益增长,特别是各国工业用水量每年以8～12％的速度增长着。每天有大量的工业废水排入河川,造成环境污染。为防止污染,需用数倍以至数十倍的河水进行稀释。有人担心照此下去,世界上水资源的供需关系将日趋紧张。因此,如何科学、合理地利用有限的水资源,搞好供需平衡,是当前科学界和工程技术界所最关心的问题之一。
I. INTRODUCTION The average annual flow of water in the entire world reaches 46.8 trillion cubic meters. At present, the total annual human water consumption is 8 trillion cubic meters, accounting for about 17% of the global total. With the development of industrial and agricultural production, industrial and agricultural water use is increasing day by day, especially the industrial water consumption of various countries is growing at the rate of 8-12% annually. Every day a large amount of industrial waste water is discharged into rivers, causing environmental pollution. In order to prevent pollution, it is necessary to dilute the river water several times or even several times. Some people are worried that this will continue, and the water supply and demand in the world will become increasingly tense. Therefore, how to scientifically and reasonably use limited water resources and do a good job in the balance between supply and demand is one of the most concerned issues in science and engineering.