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碳-碳复合材料具有良好的烧蚀性能和机械性能,以及较好的热物理性能,是战略核武器头部防热材料中极有希望的一种材料。但是它存在“剥蚀”问题,“剥蚀”是影响碳-碳性能的技术关键之一。本文概要地回顾了国外对碳基防热材料的烧蚀剥蚀和破坏的论述。报导了碳-碳材料当前性能,并与国外典型碳一碳材料进行了对比。通过电子扫描显微镜,研究了碳-碳材料的微观结构,重点对三向2-2-2和 Z 向增强毡碳-碳烧蚀后的试样进行了研究、观察和分析。其中包括:基质碳的微观结构和特点;裂缝在基质碳中的取向及其发展;基质碳在烧蚀过程中的变化和破坏;Z 向和 X—Y 向纤维束的结构形态和烧蚀以及“球形碳”和它的影响因素等。提出了对上述材料烧蚀剥蚀过程和热裂破坏特性的初步分析。在此基础上,讨论了研究改进碳-碳材料工艺的方向与措施。
Carbon-carbon composites with good ablation performance and mechanical properties, as well as better thermal physical properties, is a promising material in the strategic nuclear head heat-protection materials. However, it has the problem of “denudation”, which is one of the key technologies that affect the carbon-carbon performance. This paper reviews briefly the ablation and destruction of carbon-based heat-resistant materials abroad. Reported the current performance of carbon-carbon materials, and compared with the typical carbon-carbon materials abroad. The microstructure of the carbon-carbon material was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The samples after three-direction 2-2-2 and Z-direction reinforcement felt carbon-carbon ablation were studied, observed and analyzed. Including: the microstructure and characteristics of matrix carbon; the orientation and development of fractures in matrix carbon; the change and destruction of matrix carbon during ablation; the morphology and ablation of Z and X-Y fiber bundles and “Spherical carbon” and its influencing factors. A preliminary analysis of ablation process and thermal cracking of the above materials was proposed. On this basis, we discuss the research direction and measures to improve the carbon-carbon material technology.