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土壤中含有腐植质与粘土矿物,结合形成一种复杂的有机无机复合胶体,它表面附吸着钾、钠、钙、镁、氢、铝等阳离子。这些阳离子与周围土壤溶液中的阳离子发生着等当量的交换,叫作交换性阳离子,交换量的大小用当量表示。有机无机复合胶体上交换性阳离子数量较少,多用100克土的毫克当量数来表示。阳离子交换量的大小,直接反映出土壤的保肥、供肥能力,也是土壤改良,合理施肥,土壤分类的重要指标。在化验室中模拟土壤中发生的交换过程,可测定阳离子交换量的大小。通常利用1N 中性醋酸铵溶液代替土
Soil contains humus and clay minerals, combined to form a complex organic-inorganic complex colloid, which adsorbed on the surface of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, hydrogen, aluminum and other cations. These cations with the surrounding soil solution in the cations occur equivalent exchange, called exchangeable cation, the exchange amount size expressed in equivalent. Organo-mineral complex colloid on the exchange of fewer positive ions, more than 100 grams of soil equivalent to the number of milligrams. The amount of cation exchange directly reflects the soil fertility, fertilizer capacity, but also an important indicator of soil improvement, fertilization, soil classification. The amount of cation exchange can be determined by simulating the exchange process taking place in the soil in the laboratory. Usually 1N neutral ammonium acetate solution instead of soil